Catenanes, a distinctive category of mechanically interlocked molecules composed of intertwined macrocycles, have undergone significant advancements since their initial stages characterized by inefficient statistical synthesis methods. Through the aid of molecular recognition processes and principles of self-assembly, a diverse array of catenanes with intricate structures can now be readily accessed utilizing template-directed synthetic protocols. The rapid evolution and emergence of this field have catalyzed the design and construction of artificial molecular switches and machines, leading to the development of increasingly integrated functional systems and materials. This review endeavors to explore the pivotal advancements in catenane synthesis from its inception, offering a comprehensive discussion of the synthetic methodologies employed in recent years. By elucidating the progress made in synthetic approaches to catenanes, our aim is to provide a clearer understanding of the future challenges in further advancing catenane chemistry from a synthetic perspective.

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索烷合成的进展和战略方法

索烷是一类由相互缠绕的大环化合物组成的机械互锁分子的独特类别，自其以低效统计合成方法为特征的初始阶段以来，已经取得了重大进展。通过分子识别过程和自组装原理的帮助，现在可以利用模板指导的合成方案轻松获得具有复杂结构的多种索烷。该领域的快速发展和出现促进了人工分子开关和机器的设计和构造，导致日益集成的功能系统和材料的发展。这篇综述致力于探索索烷合成从一开始就取得的关键进展，并对近年来采用的合成方法进行了全面的讨论。通过阐明索烷合成方法所取得的进展，我们的目标是从合成的角度更清楚地了解进一步推进索烷化学的未来挑战。