Functional mapping during brain surgery is applied to define brain areas that control critical functions and cannot be removed. Currently, these procedures rely on verbal interactions between the neurosurgeon and electrophysiologist, which can be time-consuming. In addition, the electrode grids that are used to measure brain activity and to identify the boundaries of pathological versus functional brain regions have low resolution and limited conformity to the brain surface. Here, we present the development of an intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG)–microdisplay that consists of freestanding arrays of 2048 GaN light-emitting diodes laminated on the back of micro-electrocorticography electrode grids. With a series of proof-of-concept experiments in rats and pigs, we demonstrate that these iEEG-microdisplays allowed us to perform real-time iEEG recordings and display cortical activities by spatially corresponding light patterns on the surface of the brain in the surgical field. Furthermore, iEEG-microdisplays allowed us to identify and display cortical landmarks and pathological activities from rat and pig models. Using a dual-color iEEG-microdisplay, we demonstrated coregistration of the functional cortical boundaries with one color and displayed the evolution of electrical potentials associated with epileptiform activity with another color. The iEEG-microdisplay holds promise to facilitate monitoring of pathological brain activity in clinical settings.

中文翻译：

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脑电图微显示器可可视化大脑表面的神经元活动

脑部手术期间的功能图谱用于定义控制关键功能且无法移除的大脑区域。目前，这些程序依赖于神经外科医生和电生理学家之间的口头互动，这可能非常耗时。此外，用于测量大脑活动并识别病理性大脑区域与功能性大脑区域的边界的电极网格分辨率较低，并且与大脑表面的一致性有限。在这里，我们展示了颅内脑电图 (iEEG) 微显示器的开发，该显示器由层压在微皮层脑电图电极网格背面的 2048 个 GaN 发光二极管的独立阵列组成。通过在大鼠和猪身上进行的一系列概念验证实验，我们证明这些 iEEG 微型显示器使我们能够执行实时 iEEG 记录，并通过手术区域大脑表面空间对应的光模式显示皮层活动。此外，iEEG 微显示器使我们能够识别和显示大鼠和猪模型的皮质标志和病理活动。使用双色 iEEG 微显示器，我们用一种颜色展示了功能性皮层边界的配准，并用另一种颜色展示了与癫痫样活动相关的电位的演变。 iEEG 微显示器有望促进临床环境中病理性大脑活动的监测。