Several conceptual pillars form the foundation of modern immunology, including the clonal selection theory, antigen receptor diversity, immune memory, and innate control of adaptive immunity. However, some immunological phenomena cannot be explained by the current framework. Thus, we still do not know how to design vaccines that would provide long-lasting protective immunity against certain pathogens, why autoimmune responses target some antigens and not others, or why the immune response to infection sometimes does more harm than good. Understanding some of these mysteries may require that we question existing assumptions to develop and test alternative explanations. Immunology is increasingly at a point when, once again, exploring new perspectives becomes a necessity.

中文翻译：

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探索免疫学新视角

几个概念支柱构成了现代免疫学的基础，包括克隆选择理论、抗原受体多样性、免疫记忆和适应性免疫的先天控制。然而，一些免疫学现象无法用当前的框架来解释。因此，我们仍然不知道如何设计能够针对某些病原体提供持久保护性免疫力的疫苗，为什么自身免疫反应针对某些抗原而不是其他抗原，或者为什么对感染的免疫反应有时弊大于利。要了解其中一些奥秘，我们可能需要质疑现有的假设，以开发和测试替代解释。免疫学越来越需要探索新的视角。