Over the past 50 years in the field of immunology, something of a Copernican revolution has happened. For a long time, immunologists were mainly concerned with what is termed adaptive immunity, which involves the exquisitely specific activities of lymphocytes. But the other arm of immunity, so-called “innate immunity,” had been neglected. To celebrate ’s 50 anniversary, we have put together a review of the processes and components of innate immunity and trace the seminal contributions leading to the modern state of this field. Innate immunity has joined adaptive immunity in the center of interest for all those who study the body’s defenses, as well as homeostasis and pathology. We are now entering the era where therapeutic targeting of innate immune receptors and downstream signals hold substantial promise for infectious and inflammatory diseases and cancer.

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从外围到中心舞台：先天免疫的 50 年进展

过去 50 年来，免疫学领域发生了一场哥白尼革命。长期以来，免疫学家主要关注所谓的适应性免疫，它涉及淋巴细胞的精确特异性活动。但免疫的另一臂，即所谓的“先天免疫”，却被忽视了。为了庆祝该领域成立 50 周年，我们对先天免疫的过程和组成部分进行了回顾，并追溯了对该领域现代状态的开创性贡献。先天免疫与适应性免疫一起成为所有研究身体防御、体内平衡和病理学的人们的兴趣中心。我们现在正在进入一个时代，先天免疫受体和下游信号的治疗靶向为传染病、炎症性疾病和癌症带来了巨大希望。