This study was set in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA), where commercial vehicle movements were assigned across the road network. Implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, air quality, and health were examined through an environmental justice lens. Electrification of light-, medium-, and heavy-duty trucks was assessed to identify scenarios associated with the highest benefits for the most disadvantaged communities. Using spatially and temporally resolved commercial vehicle movements and a chemical transport model, changes in air pollutant concentrations under electric truck scenarios were estimated at 1-km² resolution. Heavy-duty truck electrification reduces ambient black carbon and nitrogen dioxide on average by 10 and 14%, respectively, and GHG emissions by 10.5%. It achieves the highest reduction in premature mortality attributable to fine particulate matter chronic exposure (around 200 cases per year) compared with light- and medium-duty electrification (less than 150 cases each). The burden of all traffic in the GTHA was estimated to be around 600 cases per year. The benefits of electrification accrue primarily in neighborhoods with a high social disadvantage, measured by the Ontario Marginalization Indices, narrowing the disparity of exposure to traffic-related air pollution. Benefits related to heavy-duty truck electrification reflect the adverse impacts of diesel-fueled freight and highlight the co-benefits achieved by electrifying this sector.

中文翻译：

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货运行业零排放车辆的社会协同效益

这项研究以大多伦多和汉密尔顿地区 (GTHA) 为背景，该地区的商用车辆在道路网络中进行移动。通过环境正义的视角审视了对温室气体 (GHG) 排放、空气质量和健康的影响。对轻型、中型和重型卡车的电气化进行了评估，以确定与最弱势社区的最高利益相关的情景。使用空间和时间解析的商用车辆运动和化学品运输模型，以 1 公里^{2 的}分辨率估计电动卡车场景下空气污染物浓度的变化。重型卡车电气化可将环境中的黑碳和二氧化氮平均分别减少 10% 和 14%，温室气体排放量减少 10.5%。与轻型和中型电气化（每年少于 150 例）相比，它实现了因细颗粒物长期接触而导致的过早死亡率的最高降低（每年约 200 例）。据估计，GTHA 的所有交通负担每年约为 600 起。电气化的好处主要体现在社会地位较高的社区（以安大略省边缘化指数衡量），从而缩小了与交通相关的空气污染的暴露程度。与重型卡车电气化相关的好处反映了柴油货运的不利影响，并突出了通过该行业电气化实现的共同效益。