In the past decades, nanomaterials and their derived technologies have been numerously improved for superior chemical and biological analysis. Those findings also overcame a few huge and important analysis issues about environmental and food safety monitoring as well as disease diagnosis. Nevertheless, so far, there are still a few intrinsic drawbacks and restrictions which are gradually being exposed when nanomaterials are applied in practical applications, such as synthesis and use complexity, low stabilities, weak anti-interference, limited sensitivity, and lacks of practicality. The substantial progresses of nanotechnology-based sensors, especially in terms of their practical uses, were seriously restricted. Recently, an increasing number of research works have indicated that with suitable and oriented integration of nanotechnologies, hydrogels equipped with their intriguing structures and high-performance chemical properties are suggested to be comparable helpers or supporters for these improved and high-reliability chem/bio-sensing uses. So far, even hydrogel and nanomaterials topics have attracted numerous attentions in chemical and biological analysis, the detailed introduction about the sensing function and interaction routes of hydrogel-involved nanotechnologies has not been presented in any review articles. In this review, the merits of hydrogels in the enhancement roles of nanotechnologies are remarkably highlighted. Additionally, hydrogel-based hybrid protocols which are combined with emerging nanomaterials and advanced nanotechnologies are comprehensively introduced and it systematically summaries the developed chem/bio-analysis, including their applications in optical, electrochemical, enhanced Raman analysis and electric device-based sensors. To further motivate the progress, the characteristics of hydrogels with the improvement points of nanotechnologies have been remarkably discussed, inspiring great possibilities in those significant areas of eco-environmental sustainability, human health protection, and food safety.

中文翻译：

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用于化学和生物分析的水凝胶创新纳米技术

在过去的几十年中，纳米材料及其衍生技术得到了极大的改进，以实现卓越的化学和生物分析。这些发现还克服了有关环境和食品安全监测以及疾病诊断的一些巨大而重要的分析问题。然而，迄今为止，纳米材料在实际应用中仍存在合成和使用复杂、稳定性低、抗干扰性弱、灵敏度有限、缺乏实用性等固有的缺陷和限制，并逐渐暴露出来。基于纳米技术的传感器的实质性进展，特别是在其实际用途方面，受到严重限制。最近，越来越多的研究工作表明，通过纳米技术的适当和定向整合，具有有趣结构和高性能化学性质的水凝胶被认为是这些改进和高可靠性化学/生物技术的类似帮助者或支持者。传感用途。到目前为止，即使水凝胶和纳米材料话题在化学和生物分析领域引起了广泛的关注，但关于水凝胶涉及的纳米技术的传感功能和相互作用途径的详细介绍还没有在任何评论文章中出现。在这篇综述中，水凝胶在纳米技术增强作用方面的优点得到了显着强调。此外，还全面介绍了与新兴纳米材料和先进纳米技术相结合的基于水凝胶的混合协议，并系统总结了已发展的化学/生物分析，包括它们在光学、电化学、增强拉曼分析和基于电子器件的传感器中的应用。为了进一步推动进展，对水凝胶的特性和纳米技术的改进点进行了精彩的讨论，为生态环境可持续发展、人类健康保护和食品安全等重要领域带来了巨大的可能性。