Rhodesgrass mealybug, Antonina graminis, is a serious pest of ultradwarf hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) on golf course putting greens. A. graminis feeding damage appears as extensive yellowing of turfgrass blades and heavy thinning from mid-to-late summer into fall. Putting greens are intensively managed areas of the golf course where fertilizers are routinely applied to maintain and enhance turfgrass quality, playability and aesthetics. We hypothesize that A. graminis populations can be minimized by reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizer and then effectively managed using systemic insecticides. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various levels of N fertilizer and flupyradifurone on the A. graminis population and turfgrass quality on the golf course putting green. The treatments were low, medium, and high N fertilizer rates with and without insecticide (flupyradifurone).

中文翻译：

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施用化肥和杀虫剂可减少小麦白粉病（半翅目：拟球虫科），提高高尔夫球场果岭质量

罗德草粉蚧 ( Antonina graminis ) 是高尔夫球场果岭上超矮化杂交狗牙根 ( Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis )的严重害虫。禾谷小孢子虫取食造成的损害表现为草坪草叶片大范围泛黄，从夏中后期到秋季严重稀疏。果岭是高尔夫球场集中管理的区域，定期施肥以维持和提高草坪质量、可打性和美观性。我们假设可以通过减少氮 (N) 肥料来最大程度地减少禾小孢子种群，然后使用内吸性杀虫剂进行有效管理。本研究的目的是确定不同浓度的氮肥和氟吡呋喃酮对高尔夫球场果岭上的禾谷单孢菌种群和草坪质量的影响。处理为低、中、高氮肥施用量和不添加杀虫剂（氟吡呋酮）。