Botanicals and herbal supplements contain a diverse array of polyphenols that may affect mammary gland function and promote galactagogue activity. This scoping review is conducted to identify scientific literature elucidating how polyphenols affect mammary gland biology and cellular mechanisms critical for lactation. A literature search of PubMed and Medline reviews relevant studies in dairy animals, rodent models, and cultured mammary epithelial cells that are published from January 2010 until July 2023, to ascertain effects of polyphenols on mechanisms regulating milk production and composition. The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Review) strategy is applied and 80 studies on polyphenols and their implications on milk production and composition are included in this review. Limited information delineating effects of polyphenols on the molecular pathways that affect lactation are found, although available information suggests modulation of Stat5 signaling/differentiation, Stat3 signaling/remodeling, mTOR and insulin signaling/energy production, and nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκβ) signaling/oxidative stress and inflammation may play roles. A profound lack of mechanistic information underscores the critical need for further research to understand the impact of botanical supplements and polyphenols on milk production and composition in humans to establish maternal nutritional guidelines to support lactation and breastfeeding goals.

中文翻译：

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多酚和哺乳：支持植物催乳剂使用的分子证据

植物药和草药补充剂含有多种多酚，可能会影响乳腺功能并促进催乳活性。本次范围审查的目的是确定科学文献，阐明多酚如何影响乳腺生物学和对哺乳至关重要的细胞机制。 PubMed 和 Medline 的文献检索回顾了 2010 年 1 月至 2023 年 7 月发表的关于乳制品动物、啮齿动物模型和培养乳腺上皮细胞的相关研究，以确定多酚对调节牛奶产量和成分的机制的影响。本次审查采用了 PRISMA-ScR（范围审查的系统审查和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）策略，并纳入了 80 项关于多酚及其对牛奶产量和成分影响的研究。尽管现有信息表明多酚对 Stat5 信号/分化、Stat3 信号/重塑、mTOR 和胰岛素信号/能量产生以及核因子 kappa beta (NFκβ) 信号/信号的调节，但描述多酚对影响泌乳的分子途径的影响的信息有限。氧化应激和炎症可能发挥作用。机制信息的严重缺乏强调了进一步研究的迫切需要，以了解植物补充剂和多酚对人类乳汁产量和成分的影响，以制定孕产妇营养指南以支持哺乳和母乳喂养目标。