Traditionally, alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) uses diaphragms to separate anode and cathode and is operated with 5–7 M KOH feed solutions. The ban of asbestos diaphragms led to the development of polymeric diaphragms, which are now the state of the art material. A promising alternative is the ion solvating membrane. Recent developments show that high conductivities can also be obtained in 1 M KOH. A third technology is based on anion exchange membranes (AEM); because these systems use 0–1 M KOH feed solutions to balance the trade-off between conductivity and the AEM’s lifetime in alkaline environment, it makes sense to treat them separately as AEM WE. However, the lifetime of AEM increased strongly over the last 10 years, and some electrode-related issues like oxidation of the ionomer binder at the anode can be mitigated by using KOH feed solutions. Therefore, AWE and AEM WE may get more similar in the future, and this review focuses on the developments in polymeric diaphragms, ion solvating membranes, and AEM.

中文翻译：

---

用于高级碱性水电解的分离器和膜

传统上，碱性水电解 (AWE) 使用隔膜分隔阳极和阴极，并使用 5-7 M KOH 进料溶液进行操作。石棉隔膜的禁令导致了聚合物隔膜的发展，聚合物隔膜现在是最先进的材料。一种有前途的替代方案是离子溶剂化膜。最近的发展表明，在 1 M KOH 中也可以获得高电导率。第三种技术基于阴离子交换膜（AEM）；由于这些系统使用 0–1 M KOH 进料溶液来平衡电导率和 AEM 在碱性环境中的寿命之间的权衡，因此将它们单独视为 AEM WE 是有意义的。然而，AEM 的使用寿命在过去 10 年中大幅增加，并且一些与电极相关的问题（例如阳极离聚物粘合剂的氧化）可以通过使用 KOH 进料溶液来缓解。因此，AWE和AEM WE未来可能会变得更加相似，本文重点关注聚合物隔膜、离子溶剂化膜和AEM的发展。