This study provides a detailed investigation into the water entry dynamics of objects in polar crushed ice environments, aiming to support scientific advancements in polar resource exploration. Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the Discrete Element Method (DEM), this paper meticulously examines the dynamic behaviors of objects passing through two characteristic polar environments: a single-layer crushed ice zone and a crushed ice accumulation zone. Model accuracy was validated through laboratory experiments. The study highlights significant variations in cavity evolution and interactions with crushed ice during the water entry process, revealing the complex evolution of flow fields and their influence on water entry dynamics. The presence of crushed ice notably alters the water entry pattern of projectiles, affecting splash crown formation and cavity morphology. Collisions between projectiles and crushed ice, along with crushed ice's impact on fluid flow, collectively affect the water entry state of the projectile, demonstrating the combined effect of hydrodynamic and particle collision forces. Further analysis reveals that in different crushed ice zones, crushed ice collision forces have a greater impact on projectile water entry states compared to hydrodynamics. Specifically, under single-layer crushed ice and crushed ice accumulation conditions, collision forces exceed hydrodynamic forces by 21.3 % and 38.2 %, respectively. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of water entry processes in polar environments, informing the development of polar exploration technologies and the optimization of multi-body fluid-solid interaction algorithms.

中文翻译：

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基于CFD-DEM方法的极地海洋探测器穿越碎冰区动态特性

这项研究对极地碎冰环境中物体的入水动力学进行了详细的研究，旨在支持极地资源勘探的科学进步。本文利用计算流体动力学（CFD）和离散元法（DEM），仔细研究了物体穿过两个特征极地环境的动态行为：单层碎冰区和碎冰堆积区。通过实验室实验验证了模型的准确性。该研究强调了入水过程中空腔演化以及与碎冰相互作用的显着变化，揭示了流场的复杂演化及其对入水动力学的影响。碎冰的存在显着改变射弹的入水模式，影响飞溅冠的形成和空腔形态。弹丸和碎冰之间的碰撞，以及碎冰对流体流动的影响，共同影响弹丸的入水状态，证明了流体动力和颗粒碰撞力的综合作用。进一步分析发现，在不同的碎冰区域，碎冰碰撞力对弹丸入水状态的影响比流体动力学更大。具体而言，在单层碎冰和碎冰堆积条件下，碰撞力分别超过水动力21.3%和38.2%。这些见解有助于更深入地了解极地环境中的水进入过程，为极地探索技术的发展和多体流固相互作用算法的优化提供信息。