Steel plates are widely used in construction to connect different structural elements using welding or bolts. The fracture in these plates may lead to catastrophic consequences such as structural collapse. The paper investigates steel plates' deformation capacity and fracture behavior in bolted connections in three-dimensional (3D) flexibility. The peridynamic method is utilized to model the excessive deformation and fracture of steel plates in bolted connections when they are influenced by shear, moment, and torsion. The mesh-free nature of peridynamics enables modeling the extreme deformation and fracture in ductile materials such as steel. We validate the 3D peridynamic model by comparing its fracture and deformation results with experimental measurements and observations in several loading and boundary conditions. The paper highlights the following novelties: (1) a new and highly efficient 3D peridynamic model is proposed to model fractures in steel plates when exposed to combined actions of shear, moment, and torsion simultaneously; (2) the proposed 3D peridynamic model overcomes the difficulties faced by the mesh-based methods in modeling excessive deformation in ductile materials such as steel; (3) the study also reveals a shift in the fracture behavior of steel plates from ductile to brittle when exposed to high values of moment and torsion. This shift in fracture behavior has not been thoroughly addressed, impacting the integrity of steel structures and the warning stage for yielding. Overall, utilizing the 3D peridynamic model as a modeling and simulation tool can help engineers and researchers examine the behavior of steel plates under various loading conditions, thus allowing for optimization of the design of steel plates used widely in steel construction.

中文翻译：

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三维柔性钢板螺栓连接失效分析

钢板广泛应用于建筑中，通过焊接或螺栓连接不同的结构元件。这些板块的断裂可能会导致灾难性后果，例如结构倒塌。本文研究了三维 (3D) 柔性螺栓连接中钢板的变形能力和断裂行为。利用近场动力学方法对螺栓连接中钢板受到剪切、力矩和扭转影响时的过度变形和断裂进行建模。近场动力学的无网格特性可以对钢等延性材料的极端变形和断裂进行建模。我们通过将断裂和变形结果与几种载荷和边界条件下的实验测量和观察结果进行比较来验证 3D 近场动力学模型。该论文强调了以下创新点：（1）提出了一种新的高效 3D 近场动力学模型，用于模拟钢板同时受到剪切、力矩和扭转联合作用时的断裂； (2)所提出的3D近场动力学模型克服了基于网格的方法在模拟钢等延性材料的过度变形时所面临的困难； (3) 该研究还揭示了当钢板受到高值的力矩和扭矩时，其断裂行为会从延性转变为脆性。这种断裂行为的转变尚未得到彻底解决，影响了钢结构的完整性和屈服的预警阶段。总体而言，利用 3D 近场动力学模型作为建模和仿真工具可以帮助工程师和研究人员检查钢板在各种载荷条件下的行为，从而优化钢结构中广泛使用的钢板的设计。