Elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere and the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels have raised profound concerns regarding the resulting consequences of global climate change and the future supply of energy. Hence, the reduction and transformation of CO₂ not only mitigates environmental pollution but also generates value-added chemicals, providing a dual remedy to address both energy and environmental challenges. Despite notable advancements, the low conversion efficiency of CO₂ remains a major obstacle, largely attributed to its inert chemical nature. It is imperative to engineer catalysts/materials that exhibit high conversion efficiency, selectivity, and stability for CO₂ transformation. With unparalleled precision at the atomic level, atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) methods utilize various strategies, including ultrathin modification, overcoating, interlayer coating, area-selective deposition, template-assisted deposition, and sacrificial-layer-assisted deposition, to synthesize numerous novel metal-based materials with diverse structures. These materials, functioning as active materials, passive materials or modifiers, have contributed to the enhancement of catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, effectively addressing the challenges linked to CO₂ transformation. Herein, this review focuses on ALD and MLD's role in fabricating materials for electro-, photo-, photoelectro-, and thermal catalytic CO₂ reduction, CO₂ capture and separation, and electrochemical CO₂ sensing. Significant emphasis is dedicated to the ALD and MLD designed materials, their crucial role in enhancing performance, and exploring the relationship between their structures and catalytic activities for CO₂ transformation. Finally, this comprehensive review presents the summary, challenges and prospects for ALD and MLD-designed materials for CO₂ transformation.

中文翻译：

---

增强二氧化碳捕获、利用和储存材料的原子/分子层沉积策略

大气中二氧化碳（CO _{2 ）含量的升高和化石燃料储量的减少引起了人们对全球气候变化和未来能源供应所造成的后果的深刻担忧。因此，CO 2}的减少和转化不仅可以减轻环境污染，还可以产生高附加值的化学品，为应对能源和环境挑战提供了双重补救措施。尽管取得了显着的进步，CO ₂的低转化效率仍然是一个主要障碍，这在很大程度上归因于其惰性化学性质。设计具有高转化效率、选择性和稳定性的CO ₂转化催化剂/材料势在必行。原子层沉积 (ALD) 和分子层沉积 (MLD) 方法具有无与伦比的原子级精度，采用各种策略，包括超薄改性、外涂层、夹层涂层、区域选择性沉积、模板辅助沉积和牺牲层沉积。辅助沉积，合成多种具有不同结构的新型金属基材料。这些材料作为活性材料、被动材料或改性剂，有助于提高催化活性、选择性和稳定性，有效解决与CO ₂转化相关的挑战。在此，本综述重点关注ALD和MLD在制造用于电、光、光电和热催化CO ₂还原、CO ₂捕获和分离以及电化学CO ₂传感的材料中的作用。重点关注 ALD 和 MLD 设计的材料、它们在提高性能方面的关键作用，以及探索它们的结构和 CO ₂转化催化活性之间的关系。最后，这篇全面的综述介绍了 ALD 和 MLD 设计的用于 CO ₂转化的材料的总结、挑战和前景。