Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are one of the most promising long-term energy storage technologies which utilize the redox reaction of active species to realize charge and discharge. With the decoupled power and energy components, RFBs exhibit high battery pile construction flexibility and long lifespan. However, the inherent slow electrochemical kinetics of the current widely applied redox active species severely impedes the power output of RFBs. Developing high performance electrocatalysts for these redox active species would boost the power output and energy efficiency of RFBs. Here, we present a critical review of nanoelectrocatalysts to improve the sluggish kinetics of different redox active species, mainly including the chemical components, structure and integration methods. The relationship between the physicochemical properties of nanoelectrocatalysts and the power output of RFBs is highlighted. Finally, the future design of nanoelectrocatalysts for commercial RFBs is proposed.

中文翻译：

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高功率氧化还原液流电池纳米催化剂的设计工程

氧化还原液流电池（RFB）是最有前途的长期储能技术之一，它利用活性物质的氧化还原反应来实现充电和放电。凭借解耦的功率和能源组件，RFB 具有较高的电池堆结构灵活性和较长的使用寿命。然而，当前广泛应用的氧化还原活性物质固有的缓慢电化学动力学严重阻碍了RFB的功率输出。为这些氧化还原活性物质开发高性能电催化剂将提高 RFB 的功率输出和能源效率。在这里，我们对纳米电催化剂进行了批判性综述，以改善不同氧化还原活性物种的缓慢动力学，主要包括化学成分、结构和集成方法。强调了纳米电催化剂的物理化学性质与 RFB 功率输出之间的关系。最后，提出了商业 RFB 纳米电催化剂的未来设计。