Thin film photovoltaics are a key part of both current and future solar energy technologies and have been heavily reliant on metal chalcogenide semiconductors as the absorber layer. Developing solution processing methods to deposit metal chalcogenide semiconductors offers the promise of low-cost and high-throughput fabrication of thin film photovoltaics. In this review article we lay out the key chemistry and engineering that has propelled research on solution processing of metal chalcogenide semiconductors, focusing on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ as a model system. Further, we expand on how this methodology can be extended to other emerging metal chalcogenide materials like Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄, copper pnictogen sulfides, and chalcogenide perovskites. Finally, we discuss future opportunities in this field of research, both considering fundamental and applied perspectives. Overall, this review can serve as a roadmap to researchers tackling challenges in solution processed metal chalcogenides to better accelerate progress on thin films photovoltaics and other semiconductor applications.

中文翻译：

---

用于无机薄膜光伏的溶液处理金属硫族化物半导体

薄膜光伏是当前和未来太阳能技术的关键部分，并且严重依赖金属硫族化物半导体作为吸收层。开发沉积金属硫族化物半导体的溶液处理方法为薄膜光伏器件的低成本和高产量制造提供了希望。在这篇综述文章中，我们列出了推动金属硫族化物半导体溶液加工研究的关键化学和工程，重点关注 Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) ₂作为模型系统。此外，我们还扩展了如何将该方法扩展到其他新兴金属硫族化物材料，如 Cu ₂ ZnSn(S,Se) ₄、铜磷族硫化物和硫族化物钙钛矿。最后，我们从基础和应用角度讨论了该研究领域的未来机遇。总的来说，这篇综述可以作为研究人员应对溶液加工金属硫属化物挑战的路线图，以更好地加速薄膜光伏和其他半导体应用的进展。