Aqueous rechargeable metal ion batteries (AMIBs) have emerged as a promising option for large-scale electrical energy storage due to their environmental friendliness, low cost, and high safety. This review examines the latest advanced technology orientation for AMIB electrolytes from these perspectives: (1) dilute to high concentrations, (2) room temperature to extreme temperatures, and (3) liquid to quasi-solid states. Typically, the significant impact of water molecule content on the solvation sheath, SEI formation, and enhancement of electrochemical performance in high concentration electrolytes was thoroughly reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, the utilization of salt concentration, organic additives, and hydrogel electrolytes was explored in breaking and re-forming hydrogen bonds between water molecules, with the aim of improving the low temperature performance of water electrolytes. Additionally, we also focus on the storage of water molecules within hydrophilic matrices, leading to advancements in the transition of water electrolytes from a liquid state to a quasi-solid state. This review provides insights into current research directions for aqueous electrolytes and an emphasis on the crucial role played by water molecules in this process.

中文翻译：

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水分子在可充电金属离子电池水性电解质开发中的关键作用

水系可充电金属离子电池（AMIB）由于其环境友好、成本低廉和安全性高而成为大规模电能存储的有前途的选择。本综述从以下角度审视了 AMIB 电解质的最新先进技术方向：(1) 稀释到高浓度，(2) 室温到极端温度，(3) 液态到准固态。通常，深入回顾和讨论了水分子含量对溶剂化鞘层、SEI 形成以及高浓度电解质中电化学性能增强的显着影响。此外，还探索了利用盐浓度、有机添加剂和水凝胶电解质来破坏和重新形成水分子之间的氢键，以提高水电解质的低温性能。此外，我们还关注亲水基质内水分子的储存，从而在水电解质从液态到准固态的转变方面取得进展。这篇综述提供了对水性电解质当前研究方向的见解，并强调了水分子在此过程中发挥的关键作用。