This research investigates whether gentrification restricts housing markets for low-income households by focussing on the New York and San Francisco metropolitan areas from 2013 to 2019. We investigate whether gentrification correlates with increased out-migration and decreased in-migration of low-income residents in affected neighbourhoods, and how it shapes where out-movers relocate. We leverage a unique longitudinal dataset to compare two extreme regional contexts characterised by significant affordability challenges and intense housing regulations. By doing so, this study aims to provide a more refined understanding of gentrification and residential mobility dynamics, avoiding broad generalisations or a narrow focus on single metropolitan contexts. The findings indicate that in both regions, low-income households are indeed more likely to leave gentrifying neighbourhoods compared to non-gentrifying ones and less likely to enter them compared to higher-income households. The study also finds mixed results regarding the subsequent residential situations of these low-income movers. Based on these findings, we provide implications for research and policies oriented towards improving housing and neighbourhood access for low-income households in rapidly changing urban areas.

中文翻译：

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中产阶级化是否限制了低收入家庭的住房市场？来自纽约和旧金山大都市区家庭居住流动性的证据

本研究重点关注 2013 年至 2019 年的纽约和旧金山大都市区，调查中产阶级化是否限制了低收入家庭的住房市场。我们调查中产阶级化是否与低收入居民的外迁增加和迁入减少相关。受影响的社区，以及它如何影响外迁者的搬迁地点。我们利用独特的纵向数据集来比较两个极端的区域环境，其特点是严重的负担能力挑战和严格的住房法规。通过这样做，本研究旨在提供对高档化和住宅流动动态的更精细的理解，避免广泛概括或狭隘地关注单一大都市环境。研究结果表明，在这两个地区，与非中产阶级化社区相比，低收入家庭确实更有可能离开中产阶级化社区，而与高收入家庭相比，低收入家庭进入中产阶级化社区的可能性更小。该研究还发现这些低收入搬家者随后的居住情况的结果好坏参半。基于这些发现，我们为旨在改善快速变化的城市地区低收入家庭的住房和社区接入的研究和政策提供了启示。