Extending the lifespan of lithium (Li) batteries involves managing reactions at the Li anode and stabilizing the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) through strategic regulation of the electrolyte composition. Here we synthesized a fluorinated cyclic ether with minimized Li-ion coordination capability and enhanced electrochemical stability. We demonstrated its crucial role in manipulating the SEI formation process by differentiating the contribution of dual anions to the SEI layer. Consequently, a bilayer SEI is formed, featuring a Li₂O-rich inner layer and a LiF-rich outer layer, enabling improved stability and reversibility of Li-metal anodes. The developed electrolyte shows remarkable improvement in calendar life and cycling stability of Li (50 µm)||NMC811 (4 mAh cm⁻²) cells, maintaining 80% capacity after 568 and 218 cycles at room temperature and 60 °C, respectively. Furthermore, our 410 Wh kg⁻¹ prototype pouch cells demonstrate 80% capacity retention for 470 cycles.

延长锂 (Li) 电池的使用寿命涉及管理锂阳极的反应，并通过战略性调节电解质成分来稳定固体电解质界面 (SEI)。在这里，我们合成了一种氟化环醚，具有最小化的锂离子配位能力和增强的电化学稳定性。我们通过区分双阴离子对 SEI 层的贡献，证明了其在操纵 SEI 形成过程中的关键作用。因此，形成了双层SEI，具有富含Li ₂ O的内层和富含LiF的外层，从而提高了锂金属负极的稳定性和可逆性。所开发的电解质在Li (50 µm)||NMC811 (4 mAh cm ^-2 )电池的日历寿命和循环稳定性方面表现出显着改善，在室温和60 °C下分别循环568次和218次后仍保持80%的容量。此外，我们的 410 Wh kg ^-1原型软包电池在 470 个循环中表现出 80% 的容量保持率。