MINDS: JWST/NIRCam imaging of the protoplanetary disk PDS 70,Astronomy & Astrophysics

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MINDS: JWST/NIRCam imaging of the protoplanetary disk PDS 70
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202349089
V. Christiaens , M. Samland , Th. Henning , B. Portilla-Revelo , G. Perotti , E. Matthews , O. Absil , L. Decin , I. Kamp , A. Boccaletti , B. Tabone , G.-D. Marleau , E.F. van Dishoeck , M. G\"udel , P.-O. Lagage , D. Barrado , A. Caratti o Garatti , A.M. Glauser , G. Olofsson , T.P. Ray , S. Scheithauer , B. Vandenbussche , L.B.F.M. Waters , A.M. Arabhavi , S.L. Grant , H. Jang , J. Kanwar , J. Schreiber , K. Schwarz , M. Temmink , G. \"Ostlin

Context. Two protoplanets have recently been discovered within the PDS 70 protoplanetary disk. JWST/NIRCam offers a unique opportunity to characterize them and their birth environment at wavelengths that are difficult to access from the ground.Aims. We image the circumstellar environment of PDS 70 at 1.87 μm and 4.83 μm, assess the presence of Pa-α emission due to accretion onto the protoplanets, and probe any IR excess indicative of heated circumplanetary material.Methods. We obtained noncoronagraphic JWST/NIRCam images of PDS 70 within the MIRI mid-INfrared Disk Survey (MINDS) program. We leveraged the Vortex Image Processing (VIP) package for data reduction, and we developed dedicated routines for optimal stellar point spread function subtraction, unbiased imaging of the disk, and protoplanet flux measurement in this type of dataset. A radiative transfer model of the disk was used to separate the contributions from the disk and the protoplanets.Results. We redetect both protoplanets and identify extended emission after subtracting a disk model, including a large-scale spiral-like feature. We interpret its signal in the direct vicinity of planet c as tracing the accretion stream that feeds its circumplanetary disk, while the outer part of the feature may rather reflect asymmetric illumination of the outer disk. We also report a bright signal that is consistent with a previously proposed protoplanet candidate enshrouded in dust near the 1:2:4 mean-motion resonance with planets b and c. The 1.87 μm flux of planet b is consistent with atmospheric model predictions, but the flux of planet c is not. We discuss potential origins for this discrepancy, including significant Pa-α line emission. The 4.83 μm fluxes of planets b and c suggest enshrouding dust or heated CO emission from their circumplanetary environment.Conclusions. The use of image-processing methods that are optimized for extended disk signals on high-sensitivity and high-stability from JWST can uniquely identify signatures of planet–disk interactions and enable accurate photometry of protoplanets at wavelengths that are difficult to probe from the ground. Our results indicate that more protoplanets can be identified and characterized in other JWST datasets.

中文翻译：

MINDS：原行星盘 PDS 70 的 JWST/NIRCam 成像

语境。最近在 PDS 70 原行星盘内发现了两颗原行星。 JWST/NIRCam 提供了一个独特的机会，可以通过难以从地面到达的波长来描述它们及其出生环境的特征。目标。我们在 1.87 μm 和 4.83 μm 处对 PDS 70 的星周环境进行成像，评估由于原行星上的吸积而产生的Pa- α发射的存在，并探测任何表明加热的周行星物质的红外过量现象。方法。我们在 MIRI 中红外圆盘巡天 (MINDS) 计划中获得了 PDS 70 的非日冕 JWST/NIRCam 图像。我们利用涡旋图像处理（VIP）包来减少数据，并开发了专用例程，用于最佳恒星点扩散函数减法、圆盘的无偏成像以及此类数据集中的原行星通量测量。圆盘的辐射传输模型被用来区分圆盘和原行星的贡献。结果。我们重新检测了两颗原行星，并在减去圆盘模型（包括大规模螺旋状特征）后识别了扩展发射。我们将其在c行星附近的信号解释为追踪为其环行星盘提供能量的吸积流，而该特征的外部部分可能更可能反映外盘的不对称照明。我们还报告了一个明亮的信号，该信号与先前提出的候选原行星一致，该候选原行星被尘埃笼罩，靠近与行星b和c的 1:2:4 平均运动共振。b行星的1.87μm通量与大气模型预测一致，但c行星的通量则不然。我们讨论了这种差异的潜在根源，包括显着的 Pa- α线发射。行星b和c的 4.83 μm 通量表明，其环行星环境中隐藏着尘埃或加热的二氧化碳排放。结论。使用针对 JWST 的高灵敏度和高稳定性扩展盘信号进行优化的图像处理方法，可以独特地识别行星盘相互作用的特征，并能够在难以从地面探测的波长下对原行星进行精确的光度测量。我们的结果表明，在其他 JWST 数据集中可以识别和表征更多的原行星。

更新日期：2024-04-30

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