In recent years, the emergence of metasurfaces has brought revolutionary changes to the generation and processing of vortex beams, triggering widespread research interest. Meanwhile, the longitudinally varying features of propagating beams provide new design freedom for realizing multi‐dimensional optical manipulation and promote the advancements of related areas such as microscopic detection, microfabrication, and biomedical applications. In addition, self‐accelerating Bessel beams are promising for a wide range of applications such as particle manipulation and medicine due to their nondiffracting, self‐healing as well as obstacle avoidance properties. In this paper, a novel kind of curved transmitted high‐order Bessel beams with longitudinally varying features based on form‐birefringent metasurface, by simultaneously manipulating the phase profiles of output orthogonal polarization components is demonstrated. Multiple dimensions of the beam, including the propagation trajectory, polarization state, and orbital angular momentum, can be tailored arbitrarily. For verifying the feasibility of the demonstrated method, two samples with different propagation trajectories, as well as different variations of orbital angular momentum, are designed and experimentally demonstrated. Such a novel approach can open new doors for the manipulation of vortex beams and can be used for depth sensing and distance measurement in complex environments.

中文翻译：

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使用介电超表面对纵向可定制弯曲矢量涡旋光束进行变换

近年来，超表面的出现给涡旋光束的生成和处理带来了革命性的变化，引发了广泛的研究兴趣。同时，传播光束的纵向变化特征为实现多维光学操纵提供了新的设计自由度，并促进了显微检测、微加工和生物医学应用等相关领域的进步。此外，自加速贝塞尔光束由于其无衍射、自愈以及避障特性，在粒子操纵和医学等领域有着广泛的应用前景。在本文中，通过同时操纵输出正交偏振分量的相位分布，展示了一种基于形状双折射超表面的具有纵向变化特征的新型弯曲透射高阶贝塞尔光束。光束的多个维度，包括传播轨迹、偏振态和轨道角动量，都可以任意定制。为了验证所演示方法的可行性，设计了两个具有不同传播轨迹以及不同轨道角动量变化的样本并进行了实验演示。这种新颖的方法可以为涡旋光束的操纵打开新的大门，并可用于复杂环境中的深度传感和距离测量。