SummaryAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as next‐generation therapeutics due to their broad‐spectrum activity against drug‐resistant bacterial strains and their ability to eradicate biofilms, modulate immune responses, exert anti‐inflammatory effects and improve disease management. They are produced through solid‐phase peptide synthesis or in bacterial or yeast cells. Molecular farming, i.e. the production of biologics in plants, offers a low‐cost, non‐toxic, scalable and simple alternative platform to produce AMPs at a sustainable cost. In this review, we discuss the advantages of molecular farming for producing clinical‐grade AMPs, advances in expression and purification systems and the cost advantage for industrial‐scale production. We further review how ‘green’ production is filling the sustainability gap, streamlining patent and regulatory approvals and enabling successful clinical translations that demonstrate the future potential of AMPs produced by molecular farming. Finally, we discuss the regulatory challenges that need to be addressed to fully realize the potential of molecular farming‐based AMP production for therapeutics.

中文翻译：

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用于可持续生产临床级抗菌肽的分子农业

摘要抗菌肽（AMP）因其对耐药菌株的广谱活性以及消除生物膜、调节免疫反应、发挥抗炎作用和改善疾病管理的能力而成为下一代治疗药物。它们是通过固相肽合成或在细菌或酵母细胞中产生的。分子农业，即在植物中生产生物制剂，提供了一个低成本、无毒、可扩展且简单的替代平台，以可持续的成本生产 AMP。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了分子农业生产临床级 AMP 的优势、表达和纯化系统的进步以及工业规模生产的成本优势。我们进一步审查“绿色”生产如何填补可持续性空白，简化专利和监管审批，并实现成功的临床转化，展示分子农业生产的 AMP 的未来潜力。最后，我们讨论了需要解决的监管挑战，以充分实现基于分子农业的 AMP 生产用于治疗的潜力。