This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including prevalence and incidence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care and the ramifications of AD for family caregivers, the dementia workforce and society. The Special Report discusses the larger health care system for older adults with cognitive issues, focusing on the role of caregivers and non-physician health care professionals. An estimated 6.9 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060, barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent or cure AD. Official AD death certificates recorded 119,399 deaths from AD in 2021. In 2020 and 2021, when COVID-19 entered the ranks of the top ten causes of death, Alzheimer's was the seventh-leading cause of death in the United States. Official counts for more recent years are still being compiled. Alzheimer's remains the fifth-leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2021, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 140%. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.4 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2023. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $346.6 billion in 2023. Its costs, however, extend to unpaid caregivers’ increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Members of the paid health care and broader community-based workforce are involved in diagnosing, treating and caring for people with dementia. However, the United States faces growing shortages across different segments of the dementia care workforce due to a combination of factors, including the absolute increase in the number of people living with dementia. Therefore, targeted programs and care delivery models will be needed to attract, better train and effectively deploy health care and community-based workers to provide dementia care. Average per-person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are almost three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 22 times as great. Total payments in 2024 for health care, long-term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $360 billion. The Special Report investigates how caregivers of older adults with cognitive issues interact with the health care system and examines the role non-physician health care professionals play in facilitating clinical care and access to community-based services and supports. It includes surveys of caregivers and health care workers, focusing on their experiences, challenges, awareness and perceptions of dementia care navigation.

中文翻译：

---

2024 年阿尔茨海默病事实和数据


本文介绍了阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 对公共卫生的影响，包括患病率和发病率、死亡率和发病率、护理的使用和费用，以及 AD 对家庭护理人员、痴呆症劳动力和社会的影响。特别报告讨论了针对有认知问题的老年人的更广泛的医疗保健系统，重点关注护理人员和非医生医疗保健专业人员的作用。据估计，目前有 690 万 65 岁及以上的美国人患有阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症。到 2060 年，这一数字可能会增长到 1380 万，除非出现预防或治愈 AD 的医学突破。官方 AD 死亡证明记录 2021 年有 119,399 人死于 AD。2020 年和 2021 年，当 COVID-19 进入十大死因行列时，阿尔茨海默氏症是美国第七大死因。近年来的官方统计仍在编制中。阿尔茨海默病仍然是 65 岁及以上美国人的第五大死因。 2000 年至 2021 年间，中风、心脏病和艾滋病毒导致的死亡人数有所下降，而 AD 导致的死亡人数增加了 140% 以上。到 2023 年，超过 1100 万家庭成员和其他无偿护理人员为阿尔茨海默氏症或其他痴呆症患者提供了约 184 亿小时的护理。这些数字反映了与十年前相比，护理人员数量的下降，以及护理人员数量的增加。每个剩余的护理人员提供的护理量。 2023 年，无酬痴呆症护理价值达 3,466 亿美元。然而，其成本还包括无酬护理人员情绪困扰和负面身心健康结果风险增加。 有偿医疗保健人员和更广泛的社区劳动力参与痴呆症患者的诊断、治疗和护理。然而，由于多种因素的综合作用，包括痴呆症患者人数的绝对增加，美国各个领域的痴呆症护理人员都面临着日益短缺的问题。因此，需要有针对性的计划和护理提供模式来吸引、更好地培训和有效部署医疗保健和社区工作人员来提供痴呆症护理。为年龄在 65 岁及以上、患有 AD 或其他痴呆症的受益人提供的服务的人均 Medicare 付款几乎是没有这些疾病的受益人的三倍，而 Medicaid 付款则超过了 22 倍。到 2024 年，为 65 岁及以上痴呆症患者提供的医疗保健、长期护理和临终关怀服务的总支付额预计将达到 3600 亿美元。该特别报告调查了患有认知问题的老年人的护理人员如何与医疗保健系统互动，并研究了非医生医疗保健专业人员在促进临床护理和获得社区服务和支持方面所发挥的作用。它包括对护理人员和卫生保健工作者的调查，重点关注他们对痴呆症护理导航的经验、挑战、意识和看法。