The discovery of cyclonic and dipole eddies in the Mozambique Channel (MC) indicates that the understanding of the mesoscale eddy characteristics in the MC is incomplete. The distributions of anticyclonic, cyclonic, and dipole eddies along the MC were elucidated in this study using satellite observations. It was observed that these eddies exhibit a preference for emergence and movement in the western MC. The occurrence frequencies of anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies are four and three times per year, respectively, in the narrowest section of the MC. In contrast, the frequency of mesoscale eddies reaches its peak at nine times per year in the central region of the MC. The occurrence of dipole eddies also reaches its peak twice per year in the middle MC. Dipole eddies are more prevalent in the MC and exhibit larger dimensions and shorter lifespans compared to anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies. Mesoscale eddies, which traverse the narrowest section of the MC and propagate southward, are predominantly generated within the western Comoros Basin due to barotropic instability. The southward branch of the Northeast Madagascar Current (NEMC) plays a crucial role in transporting these eddies to the middle MC. The eastern middle MC is also a generation site for mesoscale eddies in addition to the Comoros Basin, where cyclonic eddies are generated twice per year. These cyclonic eddies are also generated due to barotropic instability.

中文翻译：

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莫桑比克海峡反气旋涡、气旋涡和偶极涡的特征及产生机制

莫桑比克海峡（MC）气旋和偶极涡旋的发现表明，对MC中尺度涡旋特征的认识并不完整。本研究利用卫星观测阐明了沿 MC 的反气旋、气旋和偶极涡流的分布。据观察，这些涡流倾向于在西部MC 中出现和运动。在MC最狭窄的区域，反气旋和气旋涡的出现频率分别为每年4次和3次。相比之下，在MC中部地区中尺度涡旋的频率达到峰值，每年9次。偶极涡旋的出现在MC中部每年也达到高峰两次。与反气旋和气旋涡流相比，偶极涡流在MC中更为普遍，并且表现出更大的尺寸和更短的寿命。由于正压不稳定性，中尺度涡流主要在科摩罗盆地西部产生，穿过MC最狭窄部分并向南传播。东北马达加斯加洋流 (NEMC) 的南支在将这些涡流输送到中部 MC 方面发挥着至关重要的作用。除了科摩罗盆地外，MC东部也是中尺度涡流的产生地，每年产生两次气旋式涡流。这些气旋涡流也是由于正压不稳定而产生的。