The significance of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in athlete populations has received much attention over the last decade. ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder, with a global prevalence of 5.9%–7.1% in adolescents and a male predominance ranging from 1.8 to 3.5:1.1 The prevalence may be even higher in athlete populations, at 7%–8%,2 with a similar sex ratio (7%–8% males vs 4% females).3 Certain ADHD traits that are well suited to the sporting context, such as quick movements, reactive decision-making, a tendency towards hyperfocus on enjoyable activities and a positive effect of physical activity on ADHD symptoms,2 may explain the apparent preponderance of ADHD in athletes. However, no studies have evaluated ADHD and how it specifically or directly affects the female athlete. ADHD can impact recovery from concussion, be influenced by hormonal fluctuations and affect mental health and social relationships, particularly in females.3 4 The purpose of this editorial is to raise awareness of the often-overlooked topic of ADHD in female athletes and encourage more investigation in this field. Historically, there has been a significant sex bias in the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of females of all ages with ADHD.5 6 A common misconception is that ADHD presents with less frequency and severity in females. On the contrary, the symptom burden in females is comparable to that in males.6 However, it is more likely to present with internalising features such as inattention, conduct and mood disorders, and feelings of poor self-esteem and low self-efficacy.6 Most of the research demonstrating lower recognition and referral rates in girls was conducted 10–15 years ago; thus, little data are available on how caregivers, teachers and healthcare providers (HCPs) currently perceive and manage ADHD in females. As women become increasingly active …

中文翻译：

---

患有多动症的女运动员：是时候创造公平的竞争环境了

在过去的十年中，注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在运动员人群中的重要性受到了广泛关注。 ADHD 是最常诊断的神经发育障碍，全球青少年中的患病率为 5.9%–7.1%，男性占主导地位，比例为 1.8 至 3.5:1.1 运动员人群中的患病率可能更高，为 7%–8%2，性别比例相似（7%–8% 男性 vs 4% 女性）。3 某些 ADHD 特征非常适合运动环境，例如快速运动、反应性决策、过度关注令人愉悦的活动的倾向以及体力活动对 ADHD 症状的积极影响，2 可以解释 ADHD 在运动员中的明显优势。然而，还没有研究评估多动症以及它如何具体或直接影响女运动员。 ADHD 会影响脑震荡的恢复，受到荷尔蒙波动的影响，并影响心理健康和社会关系，尤其是女性。3 4 这篇社论的目的是提高对女性运动员中经常被忽视的 ADHD 话题的认识，并鼓励进行更多调查在这个领域里。从历史上看，对所有年龄段女性 ADHD 的识别、诊断和治疗都存在显着的性别偏见。5 6 一个常见的误解是 ADHD 在女性中出现的频率和严重程度较低。相反，女性的症状负担与男性相当。6 然而，女性更容易表现出注意力不集中、行为和情绪障碍、自尊心差和自我效能感低等内化特征。 6 大多数显示女孩认可率和转介率较低的研究是在 10-15 年前进行的；因此，关于护理人员、教师和医疗保健提供者 (HCP) 目前如何看待和管理女性 ADHD 的数据很少。随着女性变得越来越活跃……