Myocardial infarction (MI) is a heart injury caused by ischemia and low oxygen conditions. The occurrence of MI lead to the activation of a large number of neutrophils and macrophages, inducing severe inflammatory injury. Meanwhile, the inflammatory response produces much more free radicals, further exacerbating the inflammatory response and tissue damage. Efforts are being dedicated to developing antioxidants and enzymes, as well as small molecule drugs, for treating myocardial ischemia. However, poor pharmacokinetics and potential side effects limit the clinical application of these drugs. Recent advances in nanotechnology have paved new pathways in biomedical and healthcare environments. Nanozymes exhibit the advantages of biological enzymes and nanomaterials, including with higher catalytic activity and stability than natural enzymes. Thus, nanozymes provide new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases. We describe the application of nanozymes in the diagnosis and therapy of MI, aiming to bridge the gap between the diagnostic and therapeutic needs of MI. We describe the application of nanozymes in the diagnosis and therapy of MI, and discuss the new strategies for improving the diagnosis and treatment of MI. We review in detail the applications of nanozymes to achieve highly sensitive detection of biomarkers of MI. Due to their unique enzyme catalytic capabilities, nanozymes have the ability to sensitively detect biomolecules through colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical assays. In addition, nanozymes exhibit excellent antioxidase-mimicking activity to treat MI by modulating reduction/oxidation (REDOX) homeostasis. Nanozymes can also passively or actively target MI tissue sites, thereby protecting ischemic myocardial tissue and reducing the infarct area. These innovative applications of nanozymes in the field of biomedicine have shown promising results in the diagnosis and treatment of MI, offering a novel therapeutic strategy.

中文翻译：

---

基于纳米酶的心肌梗死视觉诊断与治疗：应用与策略

心肌梗塞（MI）是由缺血和低氧条件引起的心脏损伤。 MI的发生导致大量中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞活化，诱发严重的炎症损伤。同时，炎症反应会产生更多的自由基，进一步加剧炎症反应和组织损伤。人们正在致力于开发抗氧化剂和酶以及小分子药物来治疗心肌缺血。然而，较差的药代动力学和潜在的副作用限制了这些药物的临床应用。纳米技术的最新进展为生物医学和医疗保健环境开辟了新的途径。纳米酶展现了生物酶和纳米材料的优点，包括比天然酶具有更高的催化活性和稳定性。因此，纳米酶为氧化应激和炎症相关疾病的诊断和治疗提供了新的可能性。我们描述了纳米酶在 MI 诊断和治疗中的应用，旨在弥合 MI 诊断和治疗需求之间的差距。我们介绍了纳米酶在心肌梗死诊断和治疗中的应用，并讨论了改善心肌梗死诊断和治疗的新策略。我们详细回顾了纳米酶在实现心肌梗死生物标志物高灵敏检测方面的应用。由于其独特的酶催化能力，纳米酶能够通过比色、荧光和电化学分析灵敏地检测生物分子。此外，纳米酶表现出优异的抗氧化酶模拟活性，可通过调节还原/氧化 (REDOX) 稳态来治疗 MI。纳米酶还可以被动或主动靶向心肌梗塞组织部位，从而保护缺血的心肌组织并减少梗塞面积。纳米酶在生物医学领域的这些创新应用在心肌梗死的诊断和治疗中显示出了良好的结果，提供了一种新颖的治疗策略。