According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2023 tuberculosis (TB) report, in the European Union region there are approximately 200 000 TB cases per year, among which 30 000 are rifampicin resistant (RR) with treatment success rates of 57% [1], indicating a considerable gap from the United Nations' goal of an 80% reduction by 2030. In 2022, the WHO guideline for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB recommended as new first-line regimen for MDR-TB (resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin [2]) bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid and moxifloxacin (BPaLM), and for pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB; MDR/RR-TB and which are also resistant to any fluoroquinolone [2]) bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid (BPaL) [3]. Evidence supporting the use of BPaL regimen in MDR- and pre-XDR-TB stems mostly from high-incidence countries [4–7] and case series in the USA [8, 9].

根据世界卫生组织（WHO）2023年结核病（TB）报告，欧盟地区每年约有20万结核病病例，其中3万例对利福平耐药（RR），治疗成功率为57%[1 ]，距离联合国2030年减少80%的目标还有相当大的差距。2022年，世界卫生组织耐多药结核病治疗指南推荐作为耐多药结核病新的一线治疗方案（耐药结核病）至少针对异烟肼和利福平 [2]）贝达喹啉、普托马尼、利奈唑胺和莫西沙星 (BPaLM)，以及对广泛耐药结核病（前广泛耐药结核病；耐多药/利福平结核病以及对任何氟喹诺酮类药物也耐药的结核病） [2]) 贝达喹啉、pretomanid 和利奈唑胺 (BPaL) [3]。支持在耐多药结核病和广泛耐药结核病前期使用 BPaL 方案的证据主要来自高发病率国家 [4-7] 和美国的病例系列 [8, 9]。