Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training (ExT) and sex on its molecular landscape is not fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach, and leveraging data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we show profound sexual dimorphism in the scWAT of sedentary rats and in the dynamic response of this tissue to ExT. Specifically, the scWAT of sedentary females displays -omic signatures related to insulin signaling and adipogenesis, whereas the scWAT of sedentary males is enriched in terms related to aerobic metabolism. These sex-specific -omic signatures are preserved or amplified with ExT. Integration of multi-omic analyses with phenotypic measures identifies molecular hubs predicted to drive sexually distinct responses to training. Overall, this study underscores the powerful impact of sex on adipose tissue biology and provides a rich resource to investigate the scWAT response to ExT.

皮下白色脂肪组织（scWAT）是一种动态储存和分泌器官，可调节全身稳态，但耐力运动训练（ExT）和性对其分子景观的影响尚未完全确定。利用综合多组学方法，并利用体力活动分子传感器联盟 (MoTrPAC) 生成的数据，我们在久坐大鼠的 scWAT 以及该组织对 ExT 的动态反应中显示出深刻的性别二态性。具体来说，久坐的女性的 scWAT 显示出与胰岛素信号和脂肪生成相关的组学特征，而久坐的男性的 scWAT 在与有氧代谢相关的方面丰富。这些性别特异性组学特征通过 ExT 得以保留或放大。多组学分析与表型测量的整合确定了预计会驱动对训练的性别不同反应的分子中心。总体而言，这项研究强调了性别对脂肪组织生物学的强大影响，并为研究 scWAT 对 ExT 的反应提供了丰富的资源。