The MHD flow of a blood-based hybrid nanofluid with thermal radiation and stenosis effects is explored in this study. Gold (Au) and Copper (Cu) hybrid nanoparticles are assumed to be distributed in the blood. Relevant governing equations are established and appropriately normalized. The Caputo fractional-order derivative is used to convert the transient terms of normalized equations into time-fractional forms, which are then semi-analytically solved using the Laplace transform method to yield complex forms of modified Bessel functions. The concentrated matrix exponential (CME) approach is used to numerically determine approximate inverse Laplace transforms of the updated equations. The distribution patterns of velocity, temperature, and concentration are evaluated graphically. The results showed that the fractional-order derivative and the height of stenosis greatly influence the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. We also observed that both velocity and temperature decreased with increasing values of Ha. Temperature rises with increasing values of the thermal radiation parameter (Ra) and the Eckert number (Ec) whilst concentration is enhanced with rising values of the chemical reaction parameter (Cr) and the Schmidt number (Sc). Our numerical results show that relevant parameters have considerable influences on skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number, which are important for understanding blood mobility, heat and mass transfer dynamics, and treating cardiovascular illnesses. Our results are also essential for controlling blood flow, temperature and delivery of drugs to diseased arteries in the human body.

中文翻译：

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具有热辐射效应的基于血液的混合纳米流体通过狭窄动脉的 MHD 流动

本研究探讨了具有热辐射和狭窄效应的基于血液的混合纳米流体的 MHD 流动。假设金 (Au) 和铜 (Cu) 混合纳米颗粒分布在血液中。建立了相关的控制方程并进行了适当的归一化。 Caputo 分数阶导数用于将归一化方程的瞬态项转换为时间分数形式，然后使用拉普拉斯变换方法对其进行半解析求解，以生成修正贝塞尔函数的复数形式。集中矩阵指数 (CME) 方法用于数值确定更新方程的近似拉普拉斯逆变换。以图形方式评估速度、温度和浓度的分布模式。结果表明，分数阶导数和狭窄高度对速度、温度和浓度分布有很大影响。我们还观察到速度和温度随着 Ha 值的增加而降低。温度随着热辐射参数（Ra）和埃克特数（Ec）值的增加而升高，而浓度随着化学反应参数（Cr）和施密特数（Sc）值的增加而增加。我们的数值结果表明，相关参数对皮肤摩擦力、努塞尔数和舍伍德数有相当大的影响，这对于了解血液流动性、传热传质动力学以及治疗心血管疾病非常重要。我们的结果对于控制血流、温度以及向人体患病动脉输送药物也至关重要。