The physical behavior of a falling raindrop is governed by delicate fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, and oscillates with time. Despite this time-variant nature, past observational and simulation studies have aimed to generalize parameterizations for describing rain microphysics bearing the assumption that raindrops fall at terminal speeds with an equilibrium shape. However, the applicability of this hypothesis in a realistic atmosphere that is inherently turbulent remains an open question. Here, we employ novel retrieval techniques to quantify the impact of turbulence on raindrop microphysics using long-term in situ observations with careful assessment of the wind effect. We find that raindrop microphysics increasingly deviate from the equilibrium state as the turbulence dissipation rate increases, and this effect is more pronounced for large raindrops. We present turbulence-invoked rain microphysical parameterizations which shed light on the complex interactions between turbulence dynamics and raindrop microphysics.

中文翻译：

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湍流中的雨滴变形

下落的雨滴的物理行为受到微妙的流体动力学和热力学的控制，并随时间振荡。尽管具有时变性，过去的观测和模拟研究旨在概括描述雨微物理的参数化，假设雨滴以平衡形状的终端速度下落。然而，这一假设在本质上动荡的现实气氛中的适用性仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在这里，我们采用新颖的检索技术，通过长期原位观测并仔细评估风的影响，来量化湍流对雨滴微物理的影响。我们发现，随着湍流耗散率的增加，雨滴微物理越来越偏离平衡状态，这种效应对于大雨滴来说更加明显。我们提出了湍流引起的雨微物理参数化，揭示了湍流动力学和雨滴微物理之间复杂的相互作用。