The global food system is shifting towards cellular agriculture, a second domestication marked by cultivating microorganisms and tissues for sustainable food production. This involves tissue engineering, precision fermentation, and microbial biomass fermentation to establish food value chains independent of traditional agriculture. However, these techniques rely on growth media sourced from agricultural, chemical (fossil fuels), and mining supply chains, raising concerns about land use competition, emissions, and resource depletion. Fermentable sugars, nitrogen, and phosphates are key ingredients derived from starch crops, energy-intensive fossil fuel based processes, and finite phosphorus resources, respectively. This review explores sustainable alternatives to reduce land use and emissions associated with cellular agriculture media ingredients. Sustainable alternatives to first generation sugars (lignocellulosic substrates, sidestreams, and gaseous feedstocks), sustainable nitrogen sources (sidestreams, green ammonia, biological nitrogen fixation), and efficient use of phosphates are reviewed. Especially cellulosic sugars, gaseous chemoautotrophic feedstocks, green ammonia, and phosphate recycling are the most promising technologies but economic constraints hinder large-scale adoption, necessitating more efficient processes and cost reduction. Collaborative efforts are vital for a biotechnological future grounded in sustainable feedstocks, mitigating competition with agricultural land and emissions.

中文翻译：

---

细胞农业的可持续培养基原料


全球粮食系统正在转向细胞农业，这是第二次驯化，其标志是培养微生物和组织以实现可持续粮食生产。这涉及组织工程、精准发酵和微生物生物质发酵，以建立独立于传统农业的食品价值链。然而，这些技术依赖于来自农业、化学品（化石燃料）和采矿供应链的生长介质，引发了对土地使用竞争、排放和资源枯竭的担忧。可发酵糖、氮和磷酸盐分别是来自淀粉作物、能源密集型化石燃料工艺和有限磷资源的关键成分。本综述探讨了减少与细胞农业介质成分相关的土地使用和排放的可持续替代方案。回顾了第一代糖的可持续替代品（木质纤维素底物、侧流和气态原料）、可持续氮源（侧流、绿色氨、生物固氮）以及磷酸盐的有效利用。特别是纤维素糖、气态化学自养原料、绿色氨和磷酸盐回收是最有前途的技术，但经济限制阻碍了大规模采用，需要更高效的工艺和降低成本。合作努力对于以可持续原料为基础的生物技术未来至关重要，可以减少与农业用地和排放的竞争。