Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by iron accumulation and uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, leading to plasma membrane rupture and intracellular content release. Originally investigated as a targeted therapy for cancer cells carrying oncogenic RAS mutations, ferroptosis induction now exhibits potential to complement chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy in various cancer types. However, it can lead to side effects, including immune cell death, bone marrow impairment, liver and kidney damage, cachexia (severe weight loss and muscle wasting), and secondary tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the advantages and offer an overview of the diverse range of documented side effects. Furthermore, we examine the underlying mechanisms and explore potential strategies for side effect mitigation.

中文翻译：

---

癌症铁死亡疗法：益处、副作用和风险

铁死亡是一种受调节的细胞死亡，其特征是铁积累和不受控制的脂质过氧化，导致质膜破裂和细胞内内容物释放。铁死亡诱导最初被研究作为携带致癌 RAS 突变的癌细胞的靶向治疗，现在显示出补充各种癌症类型的化疗、免疫疗法和放疗的潜力。然而，它可能导致副作用，包括免疫细胞死亡、骨髓损伤、肝肾损伤、恶病质（严重体重减轻和肌肉萎缩）和继发性肿瘤发生。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了其优点并概述了已记录的各种副作用。此外，我们研究了潜在的机制并探索减轻副作用的潜在策略。