Climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) supports the sustainability of crop production and food security, and benefiting soil carbon storage. Despite the critical importance of microorganisms in the carbon cycle, systematic investigations on the influence of CSA on soil microbial necromass carbon and its driving factors are still limited. We evaluated 472 observations from 73 peer‐reviewed articles to show that, compared to conventional practice, CSA generally increased soil microbial necromass carbon concentrations by 18.24%. These benefits to soil microbial necromass carbon, as assessed by amino sugar biomarkers, are complex and influenced by a variety of soil, climatic, spatial, and biological factors. Changes in living microbial biomass are the most significant predictor of total, fungal, and bacterial necromass carbon affected by CSA; in 61.9%–67.3% of paired observations, the CSA measures simultaneously increased living microbial biomass and microbial necromass carbon. Land restoration and nutrient management therein largely promoted microbial necromass carbon storage, while cover crop has a minor effect. Additionally, the effects were directly influenced by elevation and mean annual temperature, and indirectly by soil texture and initial organic carbon content. In the optimal scenario, the potential global carbon accrual rate of CSA through microbial necromass is approximately 980 Mt C year−1, assuming organic amendment is included following conservation tillage and appropriate land restoration. In conclusion, our study suggests that increasing soil microbial necromass carbon through CSA provides a vital way of mitigating carbon loss. This emphasizes the invisible yet significant influence of soil microbial anabolic activity on global carbon dynamics.

中文翻译：

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土壤微生物死体碳对气候智能型农业响应的全球综合

气候智能型农业（CSA）支持作物生产和粮食安全的可持续性，并有利于土壤碳储存。尽管微生物在碳循环中至关重要，但关于CSA对土壤微生物坏死物碳的影响及其驱动因素的系统研究仍然有限。我们评估了 73 篇同行评审文章中的 472 项观察结果，结果表明，与传统做法相比，CSA 通常使土壤微生物坏死物碳浓度增加了 18.24%。通过氨基糖生物标志物评估，这些对土壤微生物坏死物碳的益处是复杂的，并受到各种土壤、气候、空间和生物因素的影响。活微生物生物量的变化是受 CSA 影响的总、真菌和细菌坏死物碳的最重要预测因素；在 61.9%–67.3% 的配对观测中，CSA 测量到的活微生物生物量和微生物坏死物碳同时增加。其中的土地恢复和养分管理在很大程度上促进了微生物坏死体碳储存，而覆盖作物的影响较小。此外，其影响直接受海拔和年平均温度影响，间接受土壤质地和初始有机碳含量影响。在最佳情景下，CSA 通过微生物坏死物的潜在全球碳累积率约为每年 980 吨碳−1，假设在保护性耕作和适当的土地恢复之后包括有机改良。总之，我们的研究表明，通过 CSA 增加土壤微生物死体碳提供了减轻碳损失的重要方法。这强调了土壤微生物合成代谢活动对全球碳动态的无形但显着的影响。