Lithium-sulfur batteries have been recognized as an important development direction for the new energy systems generation because of their advantages of strong energy density, abundant resources, poor price, non-toxicity and harmlessness. The flammability in organic electrolytes have a significant impact on the safety of lithium-sulfur batteries. Replacing liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes provides a practical solution to the problems. Polymer-based solid electrolytes are widely used in various fields owing to their powerful safety, strong processability, and superb flexibility. However, primary obstacles preventing the commercial use of polymer-based solid electrolytes at the moment are their poor ionic conductivity at ambient temperature, substantial “shuttle effect”, lithium dendrite formation, and interfacial compatibility between electrode and electrolyte. This article discusses the classification of polymer solid-state electrolytes, ion transport mechanisms, and ways to overcome current problems and obstacles by designing and optimizing lithium salt structures, modifying composite electrolytes, and using other modification techniques. The paper concludes by giving an overview on the advancement of polymer solid-state electrolytes and establishing the groundwork for the creation of innovative polymer electrolytes for use in superior performance solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries.

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高性能聚合物全固态锂硫电池关键问题及改性策略

锂硫电池因其能量密度强、资源丰富、价格低廉、无毒无害等优点而被公认为新能源系统的重要发展方向。有机电解液的可燃性对锂硫电池的安全性有重大影响。用固体电解质代替液体电解质为该问题提供了切实可行的解决方案。聚合物基固体电解质以其强大的安全性、强大的加工性和优异的灵活性而广泛应用于各个领域。然而，目前阻碍聚合物固体电解质商业化应用的主要障碍是其常温下离子电导率差、显着的“穿梭效应”、锂枝晶的形成以及电极与电解质之间的界面相容性。本文讨论了聚合物固态电解质的分类、离子传输机制，以及通过设计和优化锂盐结构、改性复合电解质以及使用其他改性技术来克服当前问题和障碍的方法。本文最后概述了聚合物固态电解质的进展，并为创建用于高性能固态锂硫电池的创新聚合物电解质奠定了基础。