RNA modifications, also termed epitranscriptomic marks, encompass chemical alterations to individual nucleotides, including processes such as methylation and editing. These marks contribute to a wide range of biological processes, many of which are related to host immune system defense. The functions of immune-related RNA modifications can be categorized into three main groups: regulation of immunogenic RNAs, control of genes involved in innate immune response, and facilitation of adaptive immunity. Here, we provide an overview of recent research findings that elucidate the contributions of RNA modifications to each of these processes. We also discuss relevant methods for genome-wide identification of RNA modifications and their immunogenic substrates. Finally, we highlight recent advances in cancer immunotherapies that aim to reduce cancer cell viability by targeting the enzymes responsible for RNA modifications. Our presentation of these dynamic research avenues sets the stage for future investigations in this field.

中文翻译：

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探索表观转录组学和宿主免疫的前景


RNA 修饰，也称为表观转录组标记，涵盖单个核苷酸的化学改变，包括甲基化和编辑等过程。这些标记有助于广泛的生物过程，其中许多与宿主免疫系统防御有关。免疫相关RNA修饰的功能可分为三大类：免疫原性RNA的调节、先天免疫反应相关基因的控制以及适应性免疫的促进。在这里，我们概述了最近的研究结果，阐明了 RNA 修饰对每个过程的贡献。我们还讨论了全基因组鉴定 RNA 修饰及其免疫原性底物的相关方法。最后，我们强调癌症免疫疗法的最新进展，旨在通过针对负责 RNA 修饰的酶来降低癌细胞的活力。我们对这些动态研究途径的介绍为该领域的未来研究奠定了基础。