Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans are emerging non-Aspergillus filamentous fungi. The Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis Observational Study we previously conducted reported frequent fungal vascular involvement, including aortitis and peripheral arteritis. For this article, we reviewed 7 cases of Scedosporium spp. and L. prolificans arteritis from the Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis Observational Study and 13 cases from published literature. Underlying immunosuppression was reported in 70% (14/20) of case-patients, mainly those who had solid organ transplants (10/14). Osteoarticular localization of infection was observed in 50% (10/20) of cases; infections were frequently (7/10) contiguous with vascular infection sites. Scedosporium spp./Lomentospora prolificans infections were diagnosed in 9 of 20 patients ≈3 months after completing treatment for nonvascular scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis. Aneurysms were found in 8/11 aortitis and 6/10 peripheral arteritis cases. Invasive fungal disease­–related deaths were high (12/18 [67%]). The vascular tropism of Scedosporium spp. and L. prolificans indicates vascular imaging, such as computed tomography angiography, is needed to manage infections, especially for osteoarticular locations.

Scedosporium spp.和Lomentospora prolificans是新兴的非曲霉丝状真菌。我们之前进行的Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis观察性研究报告了频繁的真菌血管受累，包括主动脉炎和外周动脉炎。在本文中，我们回顾了 7 个Scedosporium spp 病例。来自 Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis 观察研究的 L. prolificans 动脉炎和来自已发表文献的 13 个病例。据报道，70%（14/20）的病例患者存在潜在的免疫抑制，主要是那些接受实体器官移植的患者（10/14）。在 50% (10/20) 的病例中观察到感染的骨关节定位；感染经常（7/10）与血管感染部位相邻。20 名患者中的 9 名在完成非血管性星孢子虫病/星孢子虫病治疗约 3 个月后被诊断为Scedosporium spp./ Lomentospora proliificans感染。 8/11 的主动脉炎病例和 6/10 的外周动脉炎病例发现动脉瘤。侵袭性真菌病相关的死亡率很高（12/18 [67%]）。Scedosporium spp的维管趋向性。增殖乳杆菌表明需要血管成像（例如计算机断层扫描血管造影）来控制感染，尤其是骨关节部位的感染。