Proteome composition is dynamic and influenced by many internal and external cues, including developmental signals, light availability, or environmental stresses. Protein degradation, in synergy with protein biosynthesis, allows cells to respond to various stimuli and adapt by reshaping the proteome. Protein degradation mediates the final and irreversible disassembly of proteins, which is important for protein quality control and to eliminate misfolded or damaged proteins, as well as entire organelles. Consequently, it contributes to cell resilience by buffering against protein or organellar damage caused by stresses. Moreover, protein degradation plays important roles in cell signaling, as well as transcriptional and translational events. The intricate task of recognizing specific proteins for degradation is achieved by specialized systems that are tailored to the substrate’s physicochemical properties and subcellular localization. These systems recognize diverse substrate cues collectively referred to as “degrons”, which can assume a range of structural configurations. They are molecular surfaces recognized by E3 ligases of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, but can also be considered as general features recognized by other degradation systems, including autophagy or even organellar proteases. Here we provide an overview of the newest developments in the field, delving into the intricate processes of protein recognition and elucidating the pathways through which they are recruited for degradation.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质降解决定子和降解：探索植物中的底物识别和途径选择

蛋白质组组成是动态的，并受到许多内部和外部线索的影响，包括发育信号、光可用性或环境压力。蛋白质降解与蛋白质生物合成协同作用，使细胞能够对各种刺激做出反应，并通过重塑蛋白质组来适应。蛋白质降解介导蛋白质最终不可逆的分解，这对于蛋白质质量控​​制和消除错误折叠或损坏的蛋白质以及整个细胞器非常重要。因此，它通过缓冲压力引起的蛋白质或细胞器损伤来增强细胞的弹性。此外，蛋白质降解在细胞信号传导以及转录和翻译事件中发挥着重要作用。识别特定蛋白质进行降解的复杂任务是通过根据底物的理化特性和亚细胞定位定制的专门系统来完成的。这些系统识别各种底物线索，统称为“降解决定子”，可以呈现一系列结构配置。它们是泛素-蛋白酶体系统的 E3 连接酶识别的分子表面，但也可以被视为其他降解系统（包括自噬甚至细胞器蛋白酶）识别的一般特征。在这里，我们概述了该领域的最新发展，深入研究了蛋白质识别的复杂过程，并阐明了它们被招募进行降解的途径。