The vividness of imagery varies between individuals. However, the existence of people in whom conscious, wakeful imagery is markedly reduced, or absent entirely, was neglected by psychology until the recent coinage of 'aphantasia' to describe this phenomenon. 'Hyperphantasia' denotes the converse – imagery whose vividness rivals perceptual experience. Around 1% and 3% of the population experience extreme aphantasia and hyperphantasia, respectively. Aphantasia runs in families, often affects imagery across several sense modalities, and is variably associated with reduced autobiographical memory, face recognition difficulty, and autism. Visual dreaming is often preserved. Subtypes of extreme imagery appear to be likely but are not yet well defined. Initial results suggest that alterations in connectivity between the frontoparietal and visual networks may provide the neural substrate for visual imagery extremes.

中文翻译：

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失语症和多幻想症：探索意象生动性的极端

图像的生动程度因人而异。然而，心理学忽视了有意识的、清醒的意象明显减少或完全缺失的人的存在，直到最近创造了“失语症”来描述这种现象。 “Hyperphantasia”表示相反的意思——其生动性可与感知体验相媲美的意象。大约 1% 和 3% 的人口分别经历过极端失语症和过度幻想症。失语症在家庭中遗传，常常影响多种感觉模式的意象，并且与自传体记忆减少、面部识别困难和自闭症有不同的相关性。视觉梦常常被保留下来。极端意象的亚型似乎很可能存在，但尚未明确定义。初步结果表明，额顶叶和视觉网络之间连接性的改变可能为视觉图像极端提供神经基础。