Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are promising approaches to wastewater purification. Anodic oxidation (AO), due to its ease and cost-efficiency, has attracted rising attention in this research area. Herein, we employ Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) electrodes, including RuIrSnOx@Ti, RuIrOx@Ti, and RuOx@Ti, to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) in the anodic activation process. The Rifampicin (RIF) pharmaceutical was selected as the model pollutant to be treated in the proposed electrochemical system. The surface and electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes were characterized to analyze and determine their properties and effectiveness. Also, the various parameters affecting the efficiency of the process, such as the different metal oxide electrodes, PDS/electrolyte/RIF concentration, and the current flow, are optimized. The optimal values for these parameters were determined to be [RIF] = 40 mg/L, I = 80 mA, [PDS] = 1 mmol/L, and [NaSO] = 50 mmol/L. The LC-MS and COD techniques were also used to identify electrochemical-induced intermediates and describe a plausible degradation pathway. Finally, the proposed electrochemical system can be considered a simple wastewater purification method through this research.

中文翻译：

---

混合金属氧化物（Ru、Ir、Sn）电极在过二硫酸盐的阳极活化中实现利福平的可持续降解

电化学高级氧化工艺（EAOP）是一种很有前景的废水净化方法。阳极氧化（AO）由于其简单性和成本效益，在该研究领域引起了越来越多的关注。在这里，我们采用混合金属氧化物（MMO）电极，包括RuIrSnOx@Ti、RuIrOx@Ti和RuOx@Ti，在阳极活化过程中活化过二硫酸盐（PDS）。选择利福平 (RIF) 药物作为拟定电化学系统中待处理的模型污染物。对电极的表面和电化学特性进行表征，以分析和确定其性能和有效性。此外，还优化了影响工艺效率的各种参数，例如不同的金属氧化物电极、PDS/电解质/RIF浓度以及电流。这些参数的最佳值确定为 [RIF] = 40 mg/L、I = 80 mA、[PDS] = 1 mmol/L 和 [NaSO] = 50 mmol/L。 LC-MS 和 COD 技术也用于鉴定电化学诱导的中间体并描述合理的降解途径。最后，通过本研究，所提出的电化学系统可以被认为是一种简单的废水净化方法。