Rising rates of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria compromise patient outcomes and prolong hospital stays. Consequently, new strategies are needed to prevent and control the spread of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria. Over the past two decades, sizeable clinical efforts and research advances have changed urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment and prevention strategies to conserve antibiotic use. The emergence of antimicrobial stewardship, policies from national societies, and the development of new antimicrobials have shaped modern UTI practices. Future UTI management practices could be driven by the evolution of antimicrobial stewardship, improved and readily available diagnostics, and an improved understanding of how the microbiome affects UTI. Forthcoming UTI treatment and prevention strategies could employ novel bactericidal compounds, combinations of new and classic antimicrobials that enhance bacterial killing, medications that prevent bacterial attachment to uroepithelial cells, repurposing drugs, and vaccines to curtail the rising rates of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria and improve outcomes in people with UTI.

尿路致病菌的抗生素耐药率上升会影响患者的治疗效果并延长住院时间。因此，需要新的策略来预防和控制泌尿道致病细菌中抗生素耐药性的传播。在过去的二十年中，大量的临床努力和研究进展已经改变了尿路感染 (UTI) 的治疗和预防策略，以节省抗生素的使用。抗菌药物管理的出现、国家协会的政策以及新抗菌药物的开发塑造了现代尿路感染实践。未来的尿路感染管理实践可能会受到抗菌药物管理的发展、改进且易于使用的诊断方法以及对微生物组如何影响尿路感染的进一步了解的推动。即将推出的尿路感染治疗和预防策略可以采用新型杀菌化合物、增强细菌杀灭作用的新型和经典抗菌药物的组合、防止细菌附着于尿路上皮细胞的药物、重新利用药物和疫苗，以减少尿路致病菌中不断上升的抗生素耐药率，并改善尿路感染的发生率。尿路感染患者的结果。