Climate change in desert areas and semi-arid watersheds may offer a promising solution for the water scarcity problem that Bedouins and local inhabitants face. This study investigated the integrated water resources management in arid and semi-arid regions using rainwater harvesting in combination with the managed aquifer recharge (RWH-MAR) technique. The study also used recharge wells and storage dams to achieve the sustainability of groundwater supplies in the context of climate change and management of the flow to the Gulf of Suez. Therefore, different return periods of 10, 25, 50, and 100 years were considered for the annual flood volume resulting from those watersheds. Moreover, hydrologic modeling was carried out for the El Qaa plain area, South Sinai, Egypt, using the Watershed Modeling System (WMS) and the groundwater modeling of SEAWAT code. Our findings show that for different scenarios of climate change based on return periods of 10, 25, 50, and 100 years, the aquifer potentiality reached 24.3 MCM (million cubic meters) per year, 28.8 MCM, 36.7 MCM, and 49.4 MCM compared to 21.7 MCM at 2014 with storage of groundwater ranges 11.8%, 32.1%, 69%, and 127.4%, respectively. These findings have significant implications for the system of RWH-MAR and groundwater sustainability in El Qaa Plain, South Sinai. The RWH-MAR proved to be an effective approach that can be applied in different water-stressed and arid regions to support freshwater resources for sustainable future development and food security, as well as protect communities from extreme flash flood events.

沙漠地区和半干旱流域的气候变化可能为贝都因人和当地居民面临的水资源短缺问题提供有希望的解决方案。本研究调查了干旱和半干旱地区利用雨水收集与含水层补给管理（RWH-MAR）技术相结合的水资源综合管理。该研究还利用补给井和蓄水坝来实现气候变化背景下地下水供应的可持续性和苏伊士湾水流管理。因此，对于这些流域产生的年洪水量，考虑了10年、25年、50年和100年的不同重现期。此外，利用流域建模系统（WMS）和SEAWAT代码的地下水建模，对埃及南西奈半岛的El Qaa平原地区进行了水文建模。我们的研究结果表明，对于基于10年、25年、50年和100年重现期的不同气候变化情景，含水层潜力分别达到每年24.3 MCM（百万立方米）、28.8 MCM、36.7 MCM和49.4 MCM。 2014 年 MCM 为 21.7，地下水储量范围分别为 11.8%、32.1%、69% 和 127.4%。这些发现对南西奈省埃尔卡平原的 RWH-MAR 系统和地下水可持续性具有重要意义。事实证明，RWH-MAR 是一种有效的方法，可应用于不同的缺水和干旱地区，支持淡水资源以实现未来可持续发展和粮食安全，并保护社区免受极端山洪事件的影响。