The fungicide phenamacril has been employed to manage Fusarium and mycotoxins in crops, leading to persistent residues in the environment and plants. Detecting phenamacril is pivotal for ensuring environmental and food safety. In this study, haptens and artificial antigens were synthesized to produce antiphenamacril monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Additionally, gold nanoparticles coated with a polydopamine shell were synthesized and conjugated with mAbs, inducing fluorescence quenching in quantum dots. Moreover, a dual-readout immunochromatographic assay that combines the positive signal from fluorescence with the negative signal from colorimetry was developed to enable sensitive and precise detection of phenamacril within 10 min, achieving detection limits of 5 ng/mL. The method’s reliability was affirmed by using spiked wheat flour samples, achieving a limit of quantitation of 0.05 mg/kg. This analytical platform demonstrates high sensitivity, outstanding accuracy, and robust tolerance to matrix effects, making it suitable for the rapid, onsite, quantitative screening of phenamacril residues.

中文翻译：

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荧光和比色双读数免疫色谱法检测农产品中非那丙烯利残留

杀菌剂非那丙烯利已被用来控制农作物中的镰刀菌和霉菌毒素，导致其在环境和植物中持续残留。检测非那丙烯利对于确保环境和食品安全至关重要。在这项研究中，合成了半抗原和人工抗原来生产抗phenamacril单克隆抗体（mAb）。此外，合成了涂有聚多巴胺壳的金纳米颗粒，并与单克隆抗体结合，诱导量子点中的荧光猝灭。此外，还开发了一种双读数免疫色谱法，将荧光的阳性信号与比色法的阴性信号相结合，能够在 10 分钟内灵敏、精确地检测非那丙烯利，实现 5 ng/mL 的检测限。通过使用加标小麦粉样品证实了该方法的可靠性，达到了 0.05 mg/kg 的定量限。该分析平台具有高灵敏度、出色的准确性和对基质效应的强大耐受性，使其适合对非那丙烯利残留进行快速、现场、定量筛查。