Skeletal muscle can undergo detrimental changes in various diseases, leading to muscle dysfunction and atrophy, thus severely affecting people's lives. Along with exercise, there is a growing interest in the potential of nutritional support against muscle atrophy. This review provides a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms driving skeletal muscle atrophy and summarizes recent advances in nutritional interventions for preventing and treating muscle atrophy. The nutritional supplements include amino acids and their derivatives (such as leucine, β-hydroxy, β-methylbutyrate, and creatine), various antioxidant supplements (like Coenzyme Q10 and mitoquinone, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, Omega 3 fatty acids), minerals (such as magnesium and selenium), and vitamins (such as vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E), as well as probiotics and prebiotics (like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and 1-kestose). Furthermore, the study discusses the impact of a combined approach involving nutritional support and physical therapy to prevent muscle atrophy, suggests appropriate multi-nutritional and multi-modal interventions based on individual conditions to optimize treatment outcomes, and enhances the recovery of muscle function for patients. By understanding the molecular mechanisms behind skeletal muscle atrophy and implementing appropriate interventions, it is possible to enhance the recovery of muscle function and improve patients' quality of life.

中文翻译：

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肌肉萎缩的营养策略：当前证据和潜在机制


骨骼肌在各种疾病中会发生有害的变化，导致肌肉功能障碍和萎缩，从而严重影响人们的生活。除了锻炼之外，人们对营养支持对抗肌肉萎缩的潜力也越来越感兴趣。本综述简要概述了驱动骨骼肌萎缩的分子机制，并总结了预防和治疗肌肉萎缩的营养干预措施的最新进展。营养补充剂包括氨基酸及其衍生物（如亮氨酸、β-羟基、β-甲基丁酸和肌酸）、各种抗氧化补充剂（如辅酶Q10和线粒体醌、白藜芦醇、姜黄素、槲皮素、Omega 3脂肪酸）、矿物质（例如镁和硒）和维生素（例如维生素 B、维生素 C、维生素 D 和维生素 E），以及益生菌和益生元（例如乳酸菌、双歧杆菌和 1-酮糖）。此外，该研究讨论了营养支持和物理治疗相结合的方法对预防肌肉萎缩的影响，建议根据个体情况采取适当的多营养和多模式干预措施，以优化治疗结果，并促进患者肌肉功能的恢复。通过了解骨骼肌萎缩背后的分子机制并实施适当的干预措施，可以促进肌肉功能的恢复并改善患者的生活质量。