This study addresses the issue of equitable access to early care and education (ECE) taking the state of Hawaiʻi as an example. We used spatially-based measures of demand-adjusted slots, cost burden relative to family income, and quality that quantified the supply of ECE services within a five-mile drive, a ten-mile drive, and a 30-min public transit commute from a family's home. Multivariate spatial modeling techniques were used to predict ECE access at the community level, with median income, county of location, population density, and community ethnic composition as predictors. Results revealed some disparities, such as better slot capacity in areas that were densely populated or had a high share of persons of East Asian heritage. We also found promising results relating to slots and quality in low-income communities. The strategic location of Head Start, public preK, and classrooms sponsored by a local philanthropy created conditions where some low-income communities had very favorable access to ECE slots and high-quality programs, relative to the state overall. The spatial methods used in this study are flexible and can be adapted to answer any number of questions about access to community resources for young children and families at different levels of geographic granularity.

中文翻译：

---

离家近：以家庭为中心的早期保育和教育机会的空间分析

本研究以夏威夷州为例，探讨公平获得早期护理和教育 (ECE) 的问题。我们使用基于空间的措施来衡量需求调整时段、相对于家庭收入的成本负担以及质量，量化了从 5 英里车程、10 英里车程和 30 分钟公共交通通勤范围内提供的 ECE 服务。一个家庭的家。使用多变量空间建模技术来预测社区层面的 ECE 获得情况，以收入中位数、所在县、人口密度和社区种族构成作为预测因子。结果显示了一些差异，例如人口稠密或东亚裔人口比例较高的地区的槽位容量更大。我们还发现低收入社区中与时段和质量相关的有希望的结果。 Head Start、公共学前班和由当地慈善机构赞助的教室的战略位置创造了条件，使一些低收入社区相对于整个州而言能够非常有利地获得 ECE 名额和高质量项目。本研究中使用的空间方法非常灵活，可以适应回答有关不同地理粒度级别的幼儿和家庭获取社区资源的任意数量的问题。