SummaryMicroRNA169 (miR169) has been implicated in multi‐stress regulation in annual species such as Arabidopsis, maize and rice. However, there is a lack of experimental functional and mechanistic studies of miR169 in plants, especially in perennial species, and its impact on plant growth and development remains unexplored. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is a C3 cool‐season perennial turfgrass of significant environmental and economic importance. In this study, we generated both miR169 overexpression and knockdown transgenic creeping bentgrass lines. We found that miR169 acts as a positive regulator in abiotic stress responses but is negatively associated with plant growth and development, playing multiple critical roles in the growth and environmental adaptation of creeping bentgrass. These roles include differentiated spatial hormone accumulation patterns associated with growth and stress accommodation, elevated antioxidant activity that alleviates oxidative damage induced by stress, ion‐channelling membrane components for maintaining homeostasis under saline conditions, and potential cross‐talks with stress‐regulating transcription factors such as AsHsfA and AsWRKYs. Our results unravel the role of miR169 in modulating plant development and stress responses in perennial grass species. This underlines the potential of manipulating miR169 to generate crop cultivars with desirable traits to meet diverse agricultural demands.

中文翻译：

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MicroRNA169整合多种因素来调节植物生长和非生物胁迫反应

摘要MicroRNA169 (miR169) 与拟南芥、玉米和水稻等一年生物种的多重胁迫调节有关。然而，目前缺乏对植物尤其是多年生植物中miR169的功能和机制的实验研究，其对植物生长发育的影响仍有待探索。匍匐翦股颖 (匍匐剪股颖L.) 是一种 C3 冷季型多年生草坪草，具有重要的环境和经济重要性。在这项研究中，我们生成了 miR169 过表达和敲低转基因匍匐翦股颖品系。我们发现 miR169 在非生物胁迫反应中充当正调节因子，但与植物生长和发育负相关，在匍匐翦股颖的生长和环境适应中发挥多种关键作用。这些作用包括与生长和应激调节相关的差异化空间激素积累模式、减轻应激引起的氧化损伤的抗氧化活性升高、在盐水条件下维持体内平衡的离子通道膜成分，以及与应激调节转录因子的潜在串扰，例如作为砷化氢和AsWRKYs。我们的结果揭示了 miR169 在调节多年生草本植物发育和胁迫反应中的作用。这凸显了操纵 miR169 产生具有理想性状的作物品种以满足不同农业需求的潜力。