Chronic pain is a frequent phenomenon in pediatrics. Little research explores whether there are factors that uniquely predict or accompany the onset of new chronic pain in different locations of the body. In this study, we report pediatric pain data for 3 location subsamples-headache, abdominal pain, and musculoskeletal pain-of a large secondary school sample (N = 2280). We distinguished between participants who experienced an onset of chronic pain and participants who had no chronic pain at the respective pain location within a 1-year period. We used regression and multilevel models to compare the 2 groups regarding factors previously associated with chronic pain. Our results indicate that irrespective of location, the onset of chronic pain is predicted by psychosocial factors, in particular, symptoms of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13-1.17, P < 0.01) and anxiety (OR = 1.12-1.21, P < 0.05). Although the onset of headache is predicted by psychosocial factors only, the onsets of abdominal and musculoskeletal pain are additionally predicted by physiological factors such as level of physical activity. Many of the predictors were also accompanying factors. Regarding chronic abdominal pain, sleep deficiency did not predict pain onset but was a co-occurring phenomenon. Our findings underline the importance of mental health factors in the pain onset at all 3 body locations, whereas in chronic abdominal and musculoskeletal pain, physiological factors should also be considered. Measures of model fit, however, indicate that the occurrence of chronic pain is more complex and not well predicted by these factors alone.

中文翻译：

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纵向检查不同疼痛部位与小儿慢性疼痛发作的关系。

慢性疼痛是儿科的常见现象。很少有研究探讨是否存在独特的因素来预测或伴随身体不同部位新的慢性疼痛的发作。在这项研究中，我们报告了大型中学样本 (N = 2280) 3 个位置子样本（头痛、腹痛和肌肉骨骼疼痛）的儿科疼痛数据。我们区分了经历过慢性疼痛发作的参与者和一年内相应疼痛部位没有慢性疼痛的参与者。我们使用回归和多水平模型来比较两组先前与慢性疼痛相关的因素。我们的结果表明，无论位置如何，慢性疼痛的发作都是由心理社会因素预测的，特别是抑郁症状（比值比 [OR] = 1.13-1.17，P < 0.01）和焦虑症状（OR = 1.12-1.21，P < 0.05）。尽管头痛的发作仅由心理社会因素预测，但腹部和肌肉骨骼疼痛的发作还由生理因素（例如体力活动水平）预测。许多预测因素也是伴随因素。对于慢性腹痛，睡眠不足并不能预测疼痛的发生，而是一种同时发生的现象。我们的研究结果强调了心理健康因素在所有 3 个身体部位疼痛发作中的重要性，而在慢性腹部和肌肉骨骼疼痛中，还应考虑生理因素。然而，模型拟合的测量结果表明，慢性疼痛的发生更为复杂，仅靠这些因素并不能很好地预测。