Ancient lime mortar and plaster recipes are observed to be highly superior in terms of performance and durability, known from the era of Roman concrete. Bio-admixtures (organics) of different characteristics are a certain ingredient in ancient lime binders. However, their preparation, concentration, role of action, influence on properties of lime binders are only partially acknowledged. Inadequate documentation is solely responsible for the lack in knowledge on the additives used and their role of action. The understanding on the bio-additives used in ancient time is essential to develop similar repair materials compatible to heritage structures. The addition of bio-admixtures to lime is reported to enhance the workability, mechanical properties and durability against weathering mechanisms such as salt crystallization, acid-alkali attack depending on the composition and dosage. Therefore, identifying the organics used, their reaction mechanisms and effect on fresh, mechanical and durability properties are essential to create binders that are suitable for repair. The current work is a collection of data available for the organics widely used, dosages, and techniques to identify their composition, preparation methods and their influence on performance of lime binders. Comprehending these parameters will aid in developing superior performing mortar and plasters for heritage repair and further be commercialised as well.

中文翻译：

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生物外加剂在合成传统石灰粘合剂中的潜在应用——综合综述


据观察，古代石灰砂浆和石膏配方在性能和耐用性方面非常优越，从罗马混凝土时代就已知。不同特性的生物混合物（有机物）是古代石灰粘合剂中的某种成分。然而，它们的制备、浓度、作用作用以及对石灰粘合剂性能的影响仅得到部分认识。文件不充分是缺乏对所用添加剂及其作用的了解的唯一原因。对古代使用的生物添加剂的了解对于开发与遗产结构兼容的类似修复材料至关重要。据报道，在石灰中添加生物混合物可以提高可加工性、机械性能和对盐结晶、酸碱侵蚀等风化机制的耐久性，具体取决于成分和剂量。因此，确定所使用的有机物、其反应机制以及对新鲜、机械和耐久性能的影响对于制造适合修复的粘合剂至关重要。目前的工作是收集广泛使用的有机物、剂量和技术的可用数据，以确定其成分、制备方法及其对石灰粘合剂性能的影响。了解这些参数将有助于开发用于遗产修复的高性能砂浆和灰泥，并进一步商业化。