Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have been discovered in diverse environmental milieux, and they have attracted much attention due to their possible toxicological impacts on living organisms. Likewise, salts, organic chemicals, heavy metals, natural organic matter, and other biomolecules are ubiquitously in the ecosystem. In a natural environment, MPs and NPs can interact with natural organic matter and biomolecules because of their exceptional characteristics. They can develop corona-based complexes, including eco-corona (EC) or bio-corona (BC) on the surface of MPs and NPs that not only change physiochemical characteristics but also its fate, distribution, uptake, transportation, biotransformation, and toxicological performance. Unlike orthodox toxins, coronas-based complexes on MPs and NPs rather than pristine MPs/NPs may be more hazardous. Therefore, the current critical review aims to discuss the up-to-date status of the modulations in the toxicological behavior of coronas-based MPs and NPs complexes on different environmental species. Significantly, it also focuses on the factors affecting the modulations of toxicological behavior of eco- and bio-corona-based MPs and NPs complexes for better understanding the role of environmental variables on the toxicity of plastics particles. Furthermore, this review systematically highlighted that the effect of a coronas-based complexes on the toxicological behavior of MPs and NPs is multifarious and variable in terms of plastic particle sizes, biomolecule’s types, polymer types, environmental species, and designed experimental conditions. To sum up, the current review addresses existing knowledge gaps and suggests recommendations.

中文翻译：

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环境中基于生态和生物电晕的微塑料和纳米塑料复合物：塑料颗粒毒理学行为的调节和影响因素

微塑料（MP）和纳米塑料（NP）已在不同的环境环境中被发现，由于它们可能对生物体产生毒理学影响而引起了广泛关注。同样，盐、有机化学品、重金属、天然有机物和其他生物分子在生态系统中无处不在。在自然环境中，MP 和 NP 因其独特的特性可以与天然有机物和生物分子相互作用。他们可以在 MP 和 NP 表面开发基于电晕的复合物，包括生态电晕 (EC) 或生物电晕 (BC)，不仅可以改变理化特性，还可以改变其命运、分布、摄取、运输、生物转化和毒理学表现。与传统毒素不同，MP 和 NP 上基于电晕的复合物而不是原始 MP/NP 可能更危险。因此，当前的批判性评论旨在讨论基于电晕的 MP 和 NP 复合物对不同环境物种的毒理学行为调节的最新状态。值得注意的是，它还重点关注影响生态和生物电晕基 MP 和 NP 复合物毒理学行为调节的因素，以更好地了解环境变量对塑料颗粒毒性的作用。此外，这篇综述系统地强调了基于电晕的复合物对 MP 和 NP 毒理学行为的影响是多种多样的，并且在塑料粒径、生物分子类型、聚合物类型、环境物种和设计的实验条件方面存在差异。总而言之，当前的审查解决了现有的知识差距并提出了建议。