The depletion of petroleum reserves and increasing environmental concerns prompted significant research into alternative fuels. This work, biodiesel, is extracted from the byproduct of industrial leather waste fat to generate beneficial energy.The main objective of this study is to enhance common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine outcome characteristics by substituting industrial leather waste fat biodiesel (ILWFB) with the mixing of aluminium nitrate (Al (NO)) nanoparticles and graphene oxide nanoplates (GONP) in the proportion of 50 ppm (parts per million) as catalysts to enhance ignition process. This research found that with the mixing of Al (NO) nanoparticles and GONP 50 ppm into the ILWFB blend, the in-cylinder pressure increased by 0.463% and 1.5%, and the heat release rate (HRR) improved by 4.19% and 12.04% than diesel and ILWFB blend at maximum load circumstances. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 3.1% and 5.27%, and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased by 3.57% and 7.14% in D50ILWFB50+Al (NO) 50 ppm blend and D50ILWFB50+GONP 50 ppm blend related to diesel fuel. The carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke emissions were reduced by 26.84%, 13.11%, and 5.75% in D50ILWFB50+Al (NO) 50 ppm blend and 38.94%, 21.31%, and 9.12% decreased in D50ILWFB50+GONP 50 ppm blend than diesel fuel. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions marginally increased by 3.66%, 5.42%, and 8.94% in ILWFB blend, D50ILWFB50+Al (NO), and D50ILWFB50+GONPrelated to pure diesel at peak load conditions. This work concluded that the nano additives effectively enhanced BTE and decreased BSFC, CO, HC, and smoke emissions in diesel engine applications.

中文翻译：

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筛选纳米添加剂，以在以工业皮革废脂肪生物柴油混合物为燃料的 CRDI 柴油发动机中实现有利的氮氧化物/烟雾排放权衡

石油储量的枯竭和日益严重的环境问题促使人们对替代燃料进行了大量研究。这项工作，生物柴油，是从工业皮革废脂的副产品中提取出来的，以产生有益的能量。这项研究的主要目的是通过替代工业皮革废脂生物柴油（ILWFB）来增强共轨直喷（CRDI）柴油发动机的输出特性将硝酸铝 (Al(NO)) 纳米颗粒和氧化石墨烯纳米片 (GONP) 以 50 ppm（百万分之一）的比例混合作为催化剂，以增强点火过程。研究发现，在ILWFB混合物中混合Al(NO)纳米颗粒和GONP 50 ppm后，缸内压力分别提高了0.463%和1.5%，热释放率(HRR)分别提高了4.19%和12.04%在最大负载情况下，比柴油和 ILWFB 混合物的性能要好。与柴油相关的 D50ILWFB50+Al (NO) 50 ppm 混合物和 D50ILWFB50+GONP 50 ppm 混合物中，制动热效率 (BTE) 提高了 3.1% 和 5.27%，制动燃料消耗率 (BSFC) 降低了 3.57% 和 7.14% 。 D50ILWFB50+Al (NO) 50 ppm 混合物中的一氧化碳 (CO)、碳氢化合物 (HC) 和烟雾排放量分别减少了 26.84%、13.11% 和 5.75%，D50ILWFB50 中的一氧化碳 (CO)、碳氢化合物 (HC) 和烟雾排放量分别减少了 38.94%、21.31% 和 9.12% + GONP 50 ppm 混合物比柴油燃料。与峰值负荷条件下的纯柴油相比，ILWFB 混合物、D50ILWFB50+Al (NO) 和 D50ILWFB50+GONP 中的氮氧化物 (NOx) 排放量分别略有增加 3.66%、5.42% 和 8.94%。这项工作的结论是，纳米添加剂有效地增强了柴油发动机应用中的 BTE 并减少了 BSFC、CO、HC 和烟雾排放。