The ever-growing human population has forced people to intensify agriculture to meet the demand for food and feed. However, the increase in global agricultural production also means an increase in waste generation, which is mostly improperly managed, especially in low- and middle-income countries where adequate waste management infrastructure is limited and inefficient. Consequently, organic waste has become a global burden due to its negative impact on the environment and human health. In this sense, insect-based bioconversion could be an economically viable, environmentally friendly, and technically feasible approach to organic waste management. Based on this review, organic wastes from agriculture, food industry, household, municipalities, and starch industry are considered as suitable substrates for bioconverter insects. Commonly used insects for bioconversion include the cricket, yellow mealworm, superworm, black soldier fly, house fly, flesh fly and blow fly. Rearing facilities must be adapted to provide the optimal environmental conditions for the growth and development of the reared insect to maximize the bioconversion rate and efficiency. Bioconverter insects and their by-products can be industrially processed into animal feed, fertilizer and biodiesel or extracted to isolate bioactive compounds. The challenges associated with insect-based bioconversion include human and social acceptance, method-, infrastructure- and technology-related problems, the availability of substrates, and political and legal regulations. In summary, insect-based bioconversion of organic waste has the potential to reduce waste, create jobs, provide novel products, and offer a sustainable source of protein to feed the world's growing population.

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昆虫对有机废物的生物转化——全面综述

不断增长的人口迫使人们集约化农业以满足食品和饲料的需求。然而，全球农业产量的增加也意味着废物产生的增加，而废物产生大多管理不当，特别是在废物管理基础设施有限且效率低下的低收入和中等收入国家。因此，有机废物因其对环境和人类健康的负面影响而成为全球负担。从这个意义上说，基于昆虫的生物转化可能是一种经济上可行、环境友好且技术上可行的有机废物管理方法。根据本综述，来自农业、食品工业、家庭、市政和淀粉工业的有机废物被认为是生物转化昆虫的合适基质。常用的生物转化昆虫包括蟋蟀、黄粉虫、超级蠕虫、黑水虻、家蝇、肉蝇和丽蝇。饲养设施必须进行改造，为饲养的昆虫的生长和发育提供最佳的环境条件，以最大限度地提高生物转化率和效率。生物转化昆虫及其副产品可在工业上加工成动物饲料、肥料和生物柴油，或提取以分离生物活性化合物。与基于昆虫的生物转化相关的挑战包括人类和社会接受度、方法、基础设施和技术相关问题、基质的可用性以及政治和法律法规。总之，基于昆虫的有机废物生物转化具有减少废物、创造就业机会、提供新产品并提供可持续的蛋白质来源来养活世界不断增长的人口的潜力。