The number of vehicles using or transporting cryogenic fuels such as Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) increases fast in the land transportation sector. Does this also entail new risks? The storage of cryogenic fuels requires tanks with Thermal Super Insulations (TSI) to keep the fluid cold and limit the formation of boil-off gas. TSI has proven itself in some applications since the middle of the 20th century, but in the land transport sector they are still quite new, where accidents involving fires, collisions, and their combination are to be expected. This work focuses on investigating the behavior of different types of TSI while exposed to a heat source representing a fire. To this aim, a High-Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (HTTVC) was applied, which allows the thermal loading of a thermal insulation material in a vacuum and measuring the heat flow transported through the TSI in parallel. In this study, the results of 6 samples are presented regarding 3 types of MLI, rock wool, perlites, and microspheres. The thermal exposure caused different effects on the samples. In practice, this can be connected to the rapid release of flammable gases as well as to a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). These results are relevant for reducing the risks to people and infrastructures in the progressive establishment of tanks for cryogenic fluids in our industry and society. The data presented in the study can be used to improve the design of tanks and TSIs, the assessment of accident scenarios, and the development of measures for first responders.

中文翻译：

---

低温储罐超绝热材料火灾事故行为实验研究

在陆路运输领域，使用或运输液化氢（LH2）或液化天然气（LNG）等低温燃料的车辆数量快速增加。这是否也会带来新的风险？低温燃料的储存需要具有超级隔热 (TSI) 功能的储罐，以保持液体低温并限制蒸发气体的形成。自 20 世纪中叶以来，TSI 已在一些应用中证明了自己，但在陆路运输领域，它们仍然相当新，涉及火灾、碰撞及其组合的事故是预料之中的。这项工作的重点是研究不同类型的 TSI 在暴露于代表火灾的热源时的行为。为此，应用了高温热真空室 (HTTVC)，它允许在真空中对隔热材料进行热加载，并并行测量通过 TSI 传输的热流。在本研究中，介绍了 3 种类型的 MLI、岩棉、珍珠岩和微球的 6 个样品的结果。热暴露对样品造成不同的影响。实际上，这可能与易燃气体的快速释放以及沸腾液体膨胀蒸气爆炸 (BLEVE) 有关。这些结果对于降低我们行业和社会逐步建立低温流体储罐对人员和基础设施造成的风险具有重要意义。研究中提供的数据可用于改进储罐和 TSI 的设计、事故场景的评估以及急救人员的措施的制定。