Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is detected in estuarine environments, where salinity levels fluctuate regularly. We investigated the effects of salinity on the toxicity of PFOS in embryos and larvae of . We crossed six PFOS treatments (0, 1–10,000 μg/L) with two salinities (10, 30 ppt). Larvae exposed to the highest concentration of PFOS under high salinity accumulated over twice the amount of PFOS compared to larvae maintained under low salinity. Embryonic survival was unaffected by PFOS, salinity, or their interaction. PFOS delayed time to hatch and increased salinity reduced time to hatch regardless of PFOS treatment; however, no salinity by PFOS interactions were observed. Conversely, PFOS and salinity interacted in the larval stage, with decreased survival at 30 ppt salinity. This is one of the first studies evaluating interactive effects of PFOS and high salinity and highlights the importance of assessing PFAS toxicity across life stages.

中文翻译：

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盐度是否介导全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS) 对河口鱼类的毒性？

全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS) 在盐度水平定期波动的河口环境中检测到。我们研究了盐度对 PFOS 对胚胎和幼虫毒性的影响。我们将六种 PFOS 处理（0、1–10,000 μg/L）与两种盐度（10、30 ppt）进行交叉。与维持在低盐度下的幼虫相比，在高盐度下暴露于最高浓度 PFOS 的幼虫积累的 PFOS 量是其两倍多。胚胎存活率不受全氟辛烷磺酸、盐度或其相互作用的影响。无论采用何种 PFOS 处理方式，PFOS 都会延迟孵化时间，并且盐度增加会缩短孵化时间；然而，没有观察到全氟辛烷磺酸相互作用导致盐度升高。相反，PFOS 和盐度在幼虫阶段相互作用，在 30 ppt 盐度下存活率降低。这是首批评估 PFOS 和高盐度相互作用影响的研究之一，并强调了评估整个生命阶段 PFAS 毒性的重要性。